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How is a plant cell different from an animal cell?

How is a plant different from an animal cell? Cell parts found in plants but NOT IN ANIMALS: 1. 2. 3.

How is a plant cell different from an animal cell? *Cell parts found in animals but NOT IN PLANTS: 1. 2. Cell parts found in SOME animal cells but NOT PLANTS: Cilia Flagella

Cell Wall Found only in plant cells Protects cell contents and provides protection; Contains molecules that regulate growth and protect the plant from disease. Formed from a carbohydrate called cellulose.

Nucleus Directs cell activities Contains genetic material DNA: has info for cell structure, function, and reproduction

Nuclear Envelope Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings (pores) all material to enter and leave nucleus

Chromosomes Chromosomes “colored bodies” are coils of chromatin. Chromatin is the thread-like form of DNA

Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins Makes ribosomes Recall from video it has no membrane

Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture inside cell membrane, surrounding nucleus Organelles are suspended in it

Endoplasmic Reticulum Interconnected, system of membranes that work like a road way The rough ER is covered with ribosomes, giving it its rough appearances and it makes proteins The smooth ER does not have ribosomes on its surface The smooth ER makes complex carbs, lipids, provides surface for rxns, ie. In liver detoxifies harmful substances

Ribosomes Make proteins Found on the rough ER and floating throughout the cell’s cytoplasm

Mitochondria AKA: The “mighty-chondria” Converts fuel particles (organic sugar molecules) into useable energy (ATP molecules) Active cells like muscle cells contain more mitochondria than other types of cells Double membrane, inner fold, cristae, increase surface area for cellular respiration to occur

Golgi Apparatus (bodies) A flattened, layered sac- like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes Modifies, sorts and packages proteins into vesicles (sacs) Move materials in and out of the cell “Post office” of the cell

Lysosomes Vesicles that contains enzymes that digest excess or worn-out organelles, bacteria, and viruses Single membrane to prevent digestive enzymes from entering cell and destroying the cell. http://www.millerandlevine.com/ques/lysosomes.html

Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Animal cells have small vacuoles an may have many of them. Plant cells, have a central vacuole to store water, nutrients, waste, etc… It takes up most of the room in the plant cell Help plants maintain shape.

Chloroplast Usually found in plants cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place Has a double membrane Has its own DNA Captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy

Centrioles Only in animal cells Divides into two parts during cell division and helps cell for formation of spindle (organize chromosome) Component of centrosome (which plants have but these are not composed of centrioles)

Microtubules Make up part of the cytoskeleton (in cytoplasm) Make up cilia and flagella