Experimental study on drilling core samples from the Pannonian Basin to model reaction occurring at CO2 capture and storage Berta Márton1, Lévai György2, Király Csilla1* 1 Lithosphere Fluid Research Lab, Department of Petrology and Geochemistry, Eötvös University, Budapest 2 Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) *csilla.kiraly.hu@gmail.com Meeting of Young Geoscientists, Győr, 25-26. march, 2011

Introduction CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology CCS potential of Hungary Experimental work Results

What is the CCS? CO2 capture and storage (CCS) from an industrial gas stream (eg. smoke) using underground reservoires. (Capture, Transport, Storage, Monitoring) Benson & Cole, 2008

The studied geological formations Lower-Pannonian: 7,2 M – 5,3 M years Upper-Pannonian: 5,3 M – 1,8 M years Evolution of the Pannonian Basin: Sediments of rivers: - delta plain and delta slope is clayey (fine grained sediment) - delta front and deep zone is sandy (coarse grained turbidite) Juhász, 1992 Delta plain Delta front Deep basin facies = Szolnok Formation Delta slope facies = Algyő Formation

The studied geological formations aleurolite Based on Kummer I., 2003 sandstone Based on Magyar Bányászati és Földtani Hivatal, MOL Nyrt. Adattár, and Juhász Györgyi (personal communcation), 2009

Mineralogical composition of a sandstone from the Szolnok Formation Study of samples Mineralogical composition of a sandstone from the Szolnok Formation

Experiments with the ’vessel’ Potential reservoir rocks Test on sandstones and separate minerals High pressure- temperature vessel on realistic p, T conditions (80-250 bar; 55-85 °C) Realistic pore water, brine Supercritical carbon dioxid space Different run periods ’ Vessel’ in BME Department Environmental and Chemical Engineering

Lab measurement Rock sample Before the experiment After the experiment Scanning electron microscope (SEM) secunder electron images: Rock sample quartz calcite feldspar feldspar calcite quartz Before the experiment After the experiment

Calcite 1 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) secunder electron images: Before the experiment After the experiment : solvatation forms following crystal borders

Solution and precipitation Calcite 2 Surface under liquid Surface out of liquid Solution and precipitation

ICP-MS results of solution (whole rock) Starting solution Solution before experiment Solution A after experiment Solution B after experiment

Experiments with ‘reactor’ Separate tests of minerals (calcite) Grain size about 1-2 mm High p, T reactor on realistic p, T conditions (80-250 bar; 55-85 °C) Use of 5 m/m% NaCl solution Sampling on constant p, T ’reactor’ in BME Department Environmental and Chemical Engineering

Needle cshaped rystals under \solution Calcite from ’reactor’ Scanning electron microscope (SEM) secunder electron images: Needle cshaped rystals under \solution Surface above solution Surface under solution for awhile Surface under solution

ICP-MS results of solutions on calcite experiment 4 day 1 day 4 hour 1 hour

Summary Complex rock – fluid interactions Less complex mineral – rock interactions Due to these results, Szolnok Formation is a potential reservoir for CO2 storage (however further tests are needed with the cap rock)

Thanks for your attention! . We gratefully thank Csaba Szabó, PhD, dr. György Falus, and dr. Edit Székely for their supervision during our work. We wish to thank dr. Györgyi Juhász for her help in the geological background, prof. Gyula Záray for the ICP-MS mearurements and for Zsolt Bendő for the SEM tests. We thank for the LRG Youngsters Group for the athmosphere necessary for working, and Ábel Szabó for the help provided during the preparation of thin sections.

ICP-MS Rock fluidum