“e-Passport” Indicator: Version identifier & new check character scheme in MRTDs TAG/15 Montreal May 17-21, 2004

DCFWG task e To indicate in the MRZ, the presence of the chip. ANY change to the MRZ will be disruptive.

Initial suggestions Document type “PE” Confusion - existing use Country of Issue Name PE USA TRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 150000003 5 USA 560916 5 M 081115 0 <<<<<<<<<<<< 0 8 Sex Check Digit Check Digit Date of Birth Date of Expiry Check Digit Check Digit Check Digit Optional Data Document Number Country of Citizenship Confusion - existing use Loss of present valid use

Initial suggestions Document type “E” Country of Issue Name E< USA TRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 150000003 5 USA 560916 5 M 081115 0 <<<<<<<<<<<< 0 8 Sex Check Digit Check Digit Date of Birth Date of Expiry Check Digit Check Digit Check Digit Optional Data Document Number Country of Citizenship Existing readers & systems incompatible Maximum disruption

Optional field has existing uses Initial suggestions Document Type Use optional field Country of Issue Name P< USA TRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 150000003 5 USA 560916 5 M 081115 0 <<<<<<<<<<<E 0 8 Sex Check Digit Check Digit Date of Birth Date of Expiry Check Digit Check Digit Check Digit Optional Data Document Number Country of Citizenship Optional field has existing uses

DCFWG questions 1. How can presence of chip be indicated in MRZ? - Least disruption - Backwards compatibility 2. How can MRZ reading be made more accurate & reliable?

<<<<<<<<<<<< 0 MRZ layout Coloured fields have limited error detection Document Type Country of Issue Name P< USA TRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< USA M 150000003 5 150000003 5 560916 5 560916 5 081115 0 081115 0 <<<<<<<<<<<< 0 <<<<<<<<<<<< 0 8 8 Sex Check Digit Check Digit Date of Birth Date of Expiry Check Digit Check Digit Optional Data Document Number Country of Citizenship Overall Check Digit Uncoloured fields have NO error detection

(ii) overcome the limitations of the present check digit scheme Proposal by DCFWG: Mandatory adoption of a new MRZ check character scheme and version identifier. (i) identify the MRP as an e-Passport (ii) overcome the limitations of the present check digit scheme (iii) make the OCR reading more secure (iv) open the way for future improvements of the MRZ by introducing a version identifier

Version identifier & check characters First version: number “1” Document Type Country of Issue Three check characters: “XXX” Name P< USA TRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 150000003 5 USA 560916 5 M 081115 0 <<<<<<<<<<<< 0 8 Sex Check Digit Check Digit Date of Birth Date of Expiry Check Digit Check Digit Check Digit Optional Data Document Number Country of Citizenship Where?

Check characters - calculation 1. All MRZ characters (=85, less 3 positions check characters occupy!) 2. Convert alpha: ‘A’=10, ‘B’=11...’Z’=35,’<‘=36 25,36,30,28,10,29,27,10,31,14,21,14,27,36,36,17,10,25,25,34,36,36........ P<USATRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 1500000035USA5609165M0811150<<<<<<<<<<<<<<08 P<USATRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< USA M <<<<<<<<<<<<<< 30,28,10 22 36,36,36,36,36........ 3. CC1 = (25+36+30+28+.......+8) modulus 37 = 30 => U 4. CC2 = (25x1+36x2+30x3+..+8x85) modulus 37 = 8 => 8 NB The check character calculation will not be accurate as the positions occupied by the check characters are unknown. The calculations shown here are by way of example only. 5. CC3 = (25x1+36x1+30x1+..+36x2+36x2+..+0x3+8x3) modulus 37 = 25 => P New check characters are ‘U8P’

Check characters - properties 1. Reliably identify up to 3 errors if positions unknown 2. Correct 1 error if position unknown 3. Correct 2 errors if positions known P<USATRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 1500000035USA5609165M0811150<<<<<<<<<<<<<<08 P<USATRAVELER<<HAPPV<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 1500000035USA5609165M0811150<<<<<<<<<<<<<<08 P<USATRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 1500000035U5A5609165M0811750<<<<<<<<<<<<<<08 P<USATRAVELER<<HAPPV<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 1500000035USA5609165M0811150<<<<<<<<<<<<<<08 P<USATRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 1500000035USA5609165M0811150<<<<<<<<<<<<<<08 P<USATRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 1500000035U5A5609165M0811750<<<<<<<<<<<<<<08 P<USATRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 1500000035USA5609165M0811150<<<<<<<<<<<<<<08 P<USATRAVFLER<<HAPPV<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 1500000O35USA5609165M0811150<<<<<<<<<<<<<<08 P<USATRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 1500000035USA5609165M0811150<<<<<<<<<<<<<<08 P<USATRAVFLER<<HAPPV<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 1500000O35USA5609165M0811150<<<<<<<<<<<<<<08

Where? “1” and “U8P” Maximize compatibility with existing systems Where to place the version identifier & check characters? “1” and “U8P” P< USA TRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 150000003 5 USA 560916 5 M 081115 0 <<<<<<<<<<<< 0 8 Maximize compatibility with existing systems

Optional field has existing uses Initial suggestion 1 Document Type Use optional field Country of Issue Name P< USA TRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 150000003 5 USA 560916 5 M 081115 0 <<<<<<<<1U8P 0 8 Sex Check Digit Check Digit Date of Birth Date of Expiry Check Digit Check Digit Check Digit Optional Data Document Number Country of Citizenship Optional field has existing uses

Initial suggestion 2 Replace existing check digits Document Type Country of Issue Name P< USA TRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 150000003 U USA 560916 8 M 081115 P <<<<<<<<<<<< 0 1 Sex Date of Birth Date of Expiry CHECK CHARACTER VERSION NUMBER CHECK CHARACTER CHECK CHARACTER Optional Data Document Number Country of Citizenship Better check character scheme - education Better technical solution Existing readers are incompatible

DCFWG preferred option Use end of “Name” field Document Type Country of Issue Name P< USA TRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<1U8P 150000003 5 USA 560916 5 M 081115 0 <<<<<<<<<<<< 0 8 Sex Check Digit Check Digit Date of Birth Date of Expiry Check Digit Check Digit Check Digit Optional Data Document Number Country of Citizenship Existing check digits still functional Name field may be corrupted for existing readers

“e-Passport” Indicator: Version identifier & new check character scheme in MRTDs END TAG/15 Montreal May 17-21, 2004

DCFWG option B Version identifier only Reliance on one character only Document Type Country of Issue Name P< USA TRAVELER<<HAPPY<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<1 150000003 5 USA 560916 5 M 081115 0 <<<<<<<<<<<< 0 8 Sex Check digit Check digit Check digit Check digit Date of Birth Date of Expiry Check digit Optional Data Document Number Country of Citizenship Reliance on one character only Minimum disruption