Desire for Normalcy Sec. 24-2 Pages 704-707 Define: Isolationism Identify: Warren Harding –Calvin Coolidge - Ohio Gang – Teapot Dome Scandal - Five Power Treaty – Dawes Plan – Kellogg- Briand Pact

Warren G. Harding

Warren Harding Repub. Candidate in 1920 election- Ohio Sen. V.P. candidate – Calvin Coolidge – Mass. Gov. Defeated Dem. James Cox – Ohio Gov. and VP candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt (NY) Promised “return to normalcy”-end of foreign involvement and domestic unrest Sec. of State – Charles Evens Hughes -Former Sup. Court Justice Sec. of Treasury – Andrew Mellon – Pittsburgh banker Sec. of Commerce – Herbert Hoover (WWI Food Admin. Organizer)

“OHIO GANG” Friends and supporters of Harding who received gov’t jobs Atty. General – Harry Daugherty – took bribes- sold illegal alcohol Sec. of Interior – Albert Fall – Teapot Dome Scandal- 1st cabinet member to be jailed Head of Veterans Bureau – Charles Forbes – stole $200 million - Harding allowed him to flee country – later returned - jailed

SUMMARIZE What slogan helped Harding win the 1920 election? Who was his Sec. of Commerce? Who were the Ohio Gang? Who was the 1st cabinet member to go to jail?

Teapot Dome Scandal 1922 –Sec. of Interior Albert Fall secretly leased (rented) gov’t oil reserves(US Navy) in Elk Hills, Calif. and Teapot Dome, Wyoming for more than $400,000 to private developers. Convicted and sent to prison – first cabinet member jailed Scandal may have caused Harding to have heart attack. Travelling home from Alaska he became ill in San Francisco in Aug. 1923. His wife refused an autopsy – rumor she had poisoned him.

Harding’s Accomplishments Reduced income taxes Increased tariffs protecting US industries Restricted immigration from Europe – Immigration Act of 1921 Allowed African Americans in federal gov’t jobs Signed separate peace treaty with Germany ending war. Washington Conf. -1921 – limit size of navy – reduce building of warships-resulted in Five Powers Treaty – Four Powers Treaty

SUMMARIZE Who was Sec. of the Interior? What was the scandal? What product did it involve? What happened to Pres. Harding in 1923? List two accomplishments of Harding’s term. What was the purpose of the Washington Conference in 1921?

Calvin Coolidge

Calvin Coolidge Became president Aug. 3, 1923 – will finish term of Harding “Silent Cal” - talked little- reputation for honesty - Fired many of Harding’s supporters – replaced with honest officials Sec. of State – Frank Kellogg in 1925 Sec. of Commerce – Herbert Hoover

“The chief business of the American people is business.” Coolidge Believed that government should not interfere in the life of the nation. Reduced national debt – trim federal budget Government supported businesses Lowered income tax rates on wealthiest Americans and on corporate profits Raised tariffs to protect American businesses and overturned laws regulating child labor and wages on women.

1924 Election Republican - Calvin Coolidge – VP is Charles Dawes (Dawes Plan - wins Nobel Prize) “Keep cool with Coolidge” slogan Democrat – John Davis Progressive – Robert La Follette Coolidge won 54% of popular vote Two women win governor’s races that year Nellie Ross – Wyoming Miriam Ferguson- Texas

Coolidge’s Foreign policy US would not join League of Nations Favored policy of isolationism – not get involved in international disagreements Five Power Treaty – Britain, France, Italy, Japan, US – limit size of navies – disarm 1924 – Dawes Plan – loan money to Germany to repay Britain & France reparations - 1928- Kellogg-Briand Pact – 14 nations will outlaw war – rely on peaceful means (48 more will join) US negotiated with Mexico when Mex. gov’t threatened to take over foreign owned companies

SUMMARIZE When did Coolidge become President? In 1924, who became his VP? List 2 accomplishments of Coolidge’s term. What agreement outlawed war? What international organization did Coolidge refuse the US to join? What vocab term means to not get involved in international disagreements? This idea gave money to Germany to repay war debts to Britain & France.