Chapter 25 Jazz Age

Time of Turmoil Communism(share property) in Russia made it’s way to US & wanted to end capitalism (private property) Anarchists (didn’t believe in gov’t) created fear “Commies” or “Reds” were arrested or deported (kicked out) from country Italians Sacco & Vanzetti were put to death for murder, some felt trial was unfair

Labor & Racial Tensions During strikes, people thought of Russian Revolution and Communism Labor Unions were linked with Commies Racism in South but North too, led to lynching & riots Afr Am looked to Jamaican Marcus Garvey who didn’t support integration (mixing blacks & whites), encouraged “back to Africa”

Return to Normalcy 1920 election: Warren G Harding/Calvin Coolidge won in landslide over James Cox/Franklin D Roosevelt First election women could vote Harding’s Sec of Interior Albert Fall sent to prison for illegally leasing land in Teapot Dome scandal Harding dies from heart attack

President Coolidge Replaced members of Harding’s Ohio Gang in the cabinet Both Harding & Coolidge believed in laissez-faire (gov’t stay out of business) Wins election of 1924, women also become Governor in Texas & Wyoming Joined 14 other nations in the Kellogg-Briand Pact, outlawing war but it didn’t work well

Booming Economy Cheaper electricity increased production Scientific management “ “ Households got fridges, stoves, vacuum cleaners made chores easier, more free time Stuff bought on installment-making small payments over time

Automobiles 4 million people had cars in the 1920s Henry Ford’s Model T was for the common man General Motors soon caught up Gov’t build roads for cars, creating jobs Gas stations & restaurants profited

Not Getting Rich Farmers didn’t have WWI to sell crops to and many lost their farms Trucks replaced many RR for transportation Electricity replaced coal as energy Clothes were made of synthetic fibers, not cotton

Roaring Twenties More women going to college and working outside the home “Flappers” were educated carefree women who liked to have fun Mass media in newspapers & radio reached large audiences Listened to baseball & football games

Harlem Renaissance Jazz become very popular amongst Afr Am Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith http://youtu.be/A3yCcXgbKrE Culture blossoms, creating great writers

Lost Generation Writers who questioned American ways F. Scott Fitzgerald & Ernest Hemingway were expatriates living in another country Sinclair Lewis & Sherwood Anderson stayed in US but were critical of it

Prohibition 18th Amendment passed in 1919 banning sale, making, and transporting alcohol Illegal clubs called speakeasies opened Gangsters like Al Capone got rich by selling illegal alcohol 21st Amendment repealed it in 1933

Discrimination Rise in nativism (belief that native-born Americans are best) Revival of KKK went after Catholic, Jews, & immigrants Quota system allowed only a fixed # of immigrants from each country 1921: 3% of the country’s US pop. 2% in 1924

Scopes Trial 1925 TN law made it illegal to teach evolution HS teacher John Scopes wanted to teach it & was arrested Clarence Darrow defended Scopes in court while William Jennings Bryan prosecuted Scopes lost but later the TN Supreme Court overturned the decision

Election of 1928 Coolidge doesn’t run again Herbert Hoover is Republican candidate and takes credit for great economy Alfred E Smith is Democratic candidate, also Catholic Hoover won easily 444-87 (21,427,123 (58%)-15,015,464 (40%)