UNIT 5 Chapter 20 – Postwar Social Change Chapter 21 – Politics and Prosperity THE ROARIN 20’s

America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 21: Politics and Prosperity (1920–1929) Section 1: A Republican Decade Section 2: A Business Boom

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880) #21 - … Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) William McKinley; Republican (1896) Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) William Howard Taft; Republican (1908) Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912) Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920) Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923) Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928)

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain the social, political, and economic impacts on the United States after World War I. Objective 5.3: How did Republican Presidential policies shape the economics of the decade? THEME: American society changes in many ways following World War I as the Jazz Age introduces new styles, taste, and manners. Conflict arose between Americans ready to adopt change and those who resisted.

CHAPTER 21 SECTION 1 A Republican Decade

HARDING

WARREN HARDING Warren G. Harding (1921 – 1923) Not a very sophisticated person or politician Issues of concern in the presidential election of 1920: Emerging from the shadow of World War I Putting the economy back on track President Warren G. Harding called for a return to “normalcy.” FOREIGN POLICY Harding wanted a policy of isolationism: avoiding alliances with foreign countries Harding called for international disarmament: a program in which nations voluntarily give up their weapons. He promoted the expansion of trade and acted to protect business at home. WRITE THIS DOWN!

SCANDAL In 1923, corruption scandals rocked Harding’s administration. WRITE THIS DOWN! In 1923, corruption scandals rocked Harding’s administration. The Teapot Dome Scandal involved Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall accepting bribes for granting oil leases to private companies. Fall secretly gave drilling rights on government land to oil companies in return for illegal payments. There was no evidence that Harding was involved in the scandals. However, it still harmed and tarnished his reputation A L B E R TF H A R D I N G

Warren G. Harding, 1921-1923 Died suddenly in August 1923 while traveling through the West. Suffered a heart attack. Was originally diagnosed with food poisoning and was told he needed was rest. Less than an hour later, Harding was dead. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-T0yNynoSlU&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PLFF98243AAE4051B1 Calvin Coolidge assumed the presidency after Harding died. “The chief business of the American people is business.” Teapot Dome Scandal

COOLIDGE

CALVIN COOLIDGE WRITE THIS DOWN! Coolidge supported a laissez-faire approach to business. The government stays out of business His economic policies helped fuel the economic boom of the 1920s. Coolidge wanted peace and stability without getting the United States too deeply involved in other nations. Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg worked with the French foreign minister to create the Kellogg-Briand Pact. Under this pact more than 60 nations agreed not to threaten each other with war. Unfortunately, there were no provisions for enforcement, and many of the countries that had signed the pact would be at war with each other by 1941.

SILENT CAL Calvin Coolidge serves a little over 1 term as President and the U.S. economy grew tremendously. He decides not to run in 1928. Biography: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THYH81s5O9k A very popular cabinet member, Herbert Hoover will run as a Republican and win the presidency in 1928.

A Republican Decade - Assessment How did the Red Scare contribute to America’s policy of isolationism in the 1920s? (A) It made Americans more nativist. (B) It caused a significant American military increase. (C) It helped Americans form stronger relationships with non-Communist countries. (D) It decreased U.S. involvement in Latin America. What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact? (A) A treaty outlawing war (B) A treaty outlawing trade with Communist countries (C) A treaty supporting war against Communist countries (D) A treaty supporting international civil liberties

A Republican Decade - Assessment How did the Red Scare contribute to America’s policy of isolationism in the 1920s? (A) It made Americans more nativist. (B) It caused a significant American military increase. (C) It helped Americans form stronger relationships with non-Communist countries. (D) It decreased U.S. involvement in Latin America. What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact? (A) A treaty outlawing war (B) A treaty outlawing trade with Communist countries (C) A treaty supporting war against Communist countries (D) A treaty supporting international civil liberties

CHAPTER 21 – SECTION 2 A Business Boom

A Consumer Economy The 1920s saw the development of a consumer economy WRITE THIS DOWN! The 1920s saw the development of a consumer economy one that depends on a large amount of spending by consumers. Until the 1920s, middle-class Americans generally paid cash for everything. → Manufacturers developed installment plans and clever advertising to encourage consumers to buy on credit. → Installment plans allow a buyer to make small payments to slowly pay off a product

ADVERTISING WRITE THIS DOWN! By the 1920s, marketers developed a new approach to advertising. Advertisers used psychology to appeal to consumers’ emotions and insecurities to sell products.

Ford and the Automobile WRITE THIS DOWN! In 1896, Henry Ford perfected his first version of a lightweight gas-powered car. He called it the “quadricycle.” The improved version was the Model T. Ford wanted to produce a large number of cars and sell them at prices ordinary people could afford. To sell less expensive cars, Ford used the assembly line for his factories. An assembly line is a process in which each worker does one specialized task in the construction of a final product.

Industrial Growth WRITE THIS DOWN! Automobile making became the nation’s largest industry & boosted non-auto industry. Thousands of new non-auto businesses arose to serve automobile travel. Rubber, Gas Stations, Motels, Paint, Road Construction Gilmore was one of LA’s first gas stations!

A Business Boom — Assessment What was the new approach to advertising in the 1920s? (A) It informed the consumer about the quality of the product. (B) It showed the product’s superiority over the competition. (C) It appealed to the emotions and insecurities of the consumer. (D) It helped the consumer to identify the manufacturer.

A Business Boom — Assessment What was the new approach to advertising in the 1920s? (A) It informed the consumer about the quality of the product. (B) It showed the product’s superiority over the competition. (C) It appealed to the emotions and insecurities of the consumer. (D) It helped the consumer to identify the manufacturer.

ROARIN REVIEW Crash Course: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfOR1XCMf 7A&index=33&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593e G7ObzO7s