Management of Hazardous Waste and Recycling Issues in Shipping Topic 4 Management of Hazardous Waste and Recycling Issues in Shipping

Topic 4 Deliverables Lecture – Six Hours Tutorial – Three Hours SLT – 14 Hours

Outline Integrated Management System - Integrated Management System - - Garbage Record Book - - Garbage Management Plan - - Garbage Placard - - Designated Person In Charge -

Legal Basis of Waste Management Classification of Ship Waste MARPOL 73/78 New Amendments to MARPOL Annex V - Discharge Requirements Procedures on-board Ship in Managing the Waste Shipboard Procedure and Equipment for Processing Garbage Classification of Ship Waste - Garbage bin colour coded - - Solid Waste - - Oily Water Separator - - Sewage Treatment Plant -

Integrated Management System Organisations must deal with varieties and volumes of waste, and behaviours of many crew on board. Garbage from ships can be deadly to marine life. Danger mays comes from plastic, which can float for years. The equipment, human resources, and budgetary requirements of the plan must all be considered in the design process as well as how the plan is being implemented, monitored and reviewed. Waste are being managed based on combination and application of range of suitable techniques, technologies and management programs to achieve specific objectives and goals.

The existence of the Garbage Record Book manages the ship waste. Garbage Record Book exist in accordance with Regulation 9 annex V of MARPOL 73/78 The existence of the Garbage Record Book manages the ship waste. A record is to be kept of each discharge operation or completed incineration. This includes discharges at sea, to reception facilities. Each completed page of the Garbage Record Book shall be signed by Master of the ship. The entries in the Garbage Record Book shall be in English, French or Spanish as well as the language of the crew if it is other than one of these languages.

Entries in Garbage Record Book When garbage is discharge into the sea Date and time of discharge. Position of the ship (latitude and longitude). Note for cargo residue discharges, include discharge start and stop positions. Category of garbage discharged. Estimated amount discharged for each category in m3 Initials of the officer in charge.

Entries in Garbage Record Book (cont’d) When garbage is discharge to reception facilities ashore Date and time of discharge. Port or facility , or name of ship Category of garbage discharged. Estimated amount discharged for each category in m3. Signature of the officer in charge of the operation.

Entries in Garbage Record Book (cont’d) When garbage is incinerated : Date and time of start and stop of incineration Position of the ship ( latitude and longitude ) Estimated amount incinerated in m3 Signature of the officer in charge of the operation.

Entries in Garbage Record Book (cont’d) Accidental or other exceptional discharges of garbage Time of occurrence Port or position of the ship at time of occurrence Estimated amount and category of garbage Circumstances of disposal, escape or loss, the reason therefore and General remarks

Garbage Record Book Receipt The Master should obtain from the operator of port reception facilities, a receipt or certificate specifying the estimated amount of garbage transferred. The receipts or certificates must be kept on board the ship with the Garbage Record Book.

Garbage Record Book Amount of garbage The amount of garbage are estimated in m³ and separated into categories. The Garbage Record Book shall contain references of garbage estimation. This copyright material is reproduced with the kind permission of the International Maritime Organisation.

Garbage Management Plan (GMP) Garbage Management Plan are developed following Regulation 10 of the Revised MARPOL Annex V GM Plan is to provide guidance to the Master and crew on the procedures for collecting, storing, processing and disposing of garbage, including the use of the equipment on board Garbage management plan contains a list of the particular ship’s equipment and arrangements for the garbage handling Specific garbage reduction procedures should be included in the GMP

Garbage Placard ESM Topic 4 (sub 1).pdf

Designated Person In Charge As required in MARPOL Regulation 9 (2), a designated person onboard shall be in charge of carrying out the Garbage Management plan following ship’s type and trade

Legal Basis of Waste Management Marpol 73/78 is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships. It was designed to minimize pollution of the seas, including dumping, oil and exhaust pollution. Its stated objective is to preserve the marine environment through the complete elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the minimization of accidental discharge of such substances.

Annex I Regulation for the Prevention of pollution by Oil Annex II Regulation for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk Annex III Regulation for the Prevention of Pollution by harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form Annex IV Regulation for the Prevention of pollution by Sewage from ships Annex V Regulation for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships Annex VI Regulation for the Prevention of Air pollution from Ships

New Amendments to MARPOL Annex V - Discharge Requirements Effective from 1st January 2013, the discharge provisions of the revised MARPOL Annex V(resolution MEPC.201 (62)) will enter into force. Generally, discharge is restricted to food wastes, identified cargo residues, animal carcasses, identified cleaning agents and additives and cargo residues entrained in wash water which are harmless to the marine environment thus require provisions of garbage management for ships.

New Amendments to MARPOL Annex V - Discharge Requirements (cont’d) The new amendments prohibit the disposal of almost all kinds of garbage at sea with the exemption under specific requirements of food waste, animal carcasses, cargo residues contained in wash water and environmental friendly cleaning agents. As a result of these regulations more and more ships will dispose their ship-generated waste to reception facilities ashore. Refer to IMO RESOLUTION MEPC.219 (63) – Annex 24, and MEPC 61/24 – Annex 11.

Simplified overview of the discharge provisions of the revised MARPOL Annex V (resolution MEPC.201(62) which enter into force on 1 January 2013 ESM Topic 4 (sub 2).pdf

Procedures on-board Ship in Managing the Waste Permission must be granted by Officer of watch(OOW) before any garbage is disposed over. Number of bags, type of garbage and approximate weight must be given and OOW decides whether permission granted or denied. If permission is granted, OOW will input all details in Garbage Disposal Log. If practicable, a visual sighting of such disposal should be made. The bridge must be informed when the incinerator is in use and what type of garbage is being burnt. Record in log book.

Procedures on-board Ship in Managing the Waste (cont’d) Garbage should be carefully segregated and prohibited items such as plastics etc. burnt in the incinerator. To assist with this, special bins are placed in the following locations : Bridge, pantries, Cargo control room (CCR), Galley, Deck store, Engine room store and Engine room workshop. All plastics and other prohibited items should be placed in these bins which must not be used for other items. Plastics and other prohibited items collected from the accommodation, Engine room and deck shall be placed in garbage room

Shipboard Procedure and Equipment for Processing Garbage 1.Collecting and Storing Garbage collected from various areas onboard should be delivered to designated processing /storage locations. Garbage that must be returned to port for disposal may require long-term storage depending on the length of the voyage or availability of port reception facilities. Garbage should be stored in a manner which avoids health and safety hazards. Separate cans, drums, boxes, bags or other containers should be used for short-term (disposable garbage) and throughout the voyage (non-disposable garbage) storage.

Shipboard Procedure and Equipment for Processing Garbage (cont’d) Depending on factors such as the ship’s type , operational area, and crew size, ships may equipped with incinerators, compactors, comminutes or others for garbage processing. Exact member of crews shall be assigned to operate these equipment on a schedule and commensurate the ship’s need. Garbage processing equipment s permits valid discharge certain garbage at sea, while reduces space for storing garbage which makes it easier to off-load them in ports.

Shipboard Procedure and Equipment for Processing Garbage (cont’d) 3. Training Training shall be provided for all crew members who are involved in operating the garbage processing equipment, handling and disposal as part of their operational responsibilities. Program review shall be done annually, define garbage origins and applicable regulations for handling and disposal. Material for training should include posters, brochures, photographs and videos

Ship Compactor Most garbage can be compacted except unground plastics, fiber and paper board, bulky cargo containers which shouldn’t be compacted since they present an explosion hazard Compaction can reduce the volume of garbage into bags, boxes, or briquettes Compactors permits easier storage, to transfer to port reception facilities and to dispose of at sea when discharge limitations permit A compactor should be installed in a compartment with adequate room for operating and maintaining the unit and storing trash to be processed. The compartment should be located adjacent to food processing areas and commissaries

Ship Compactor

Discharge of comminuted food wastes are permitted under MARPOL Annex V whilst the ship is en route. Such comminuted or ground food waste must be capable of passing through a screen with openings ≤ 25 mm Grinding or Comminution Outside special areas, ships operating ≥ 3nm from coast are urged to install & use comminuters which capable to yield waste into a particle size capable of passing through a screen with openings ≤ 25 mm Although unprocessed food wastes may be discharged beyond 12 nm, it is recommended that comminuters be used as they hasten assimilation into the marine environment. As food wastes comminuted with plastics cannot be discharged into the sea, all plastic materials need to be removed before food wastes are placed into a comminuter or grinder

Grinding or Comminution

incinerators are designed for intermittent operation incinerators are designed for intermittent operation. The ash / vapor might contains hazardous materials Incineration are done in compliance with provisions of MARPOL Annex V (?)) and Annex VI (?) Incinerators The incinerator is not to be used in port or ≤ 3 nm from coast. Items which requires incineration shall be stored until the vessel exceeds 3 miles from coast. Incinerator ashes should be retained onboard and discharged at port reception facilities When garbage is incinerated, the date & time of commencement and completion, the geographical position, the type of garbage and estimated quantity are being recoded in the Garbage Record Book

Incineration of following items is prohibited: Annex I, II and III cargo residues and related contaminated packing materials. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Garbage containing more than traces of heavy metals Refined petroleum products containing halogen compounds (Products containing elements like Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine.) Batteries Aerosol cans Shipboard incineration of Polyvinyl chlorides (PVCs) shall be prohibited.

Disposal outside of Special Areas

Disposal outside of Special Areas (cont’d) NOTE: If garbage is mixed then the most stringent rules should apply When determining distance from ‘Nearest land’ in conjunction with the table above, note that Australia has declared nearest land to include Torres and all of the Great Barrier Reef.

Disposal within a Special Area Special Areas Regulation 1 of MARPOL Annex V states that a ‘Special Area’ means a sea area where for recognised technical reasons in relation to it’s oceanographically and ecological condition and to the particular character of its traffic the adoption of special mandatory methods for the prevention of sea pollution by garbage is required.

Disposal within a Special Area (cont’d) Special areas are listed and defined in Regulation 5 of MARPOL Annex The Mediterranean Sea area The Baltic Sea Area The Black Sea Area The Red Sea Area The Arabian Gulf Area The North Sea area including the English Channel The Antarctic The Caribbean Area, including the Gulf of Mexico

Shipboard Handling and disposal of garbage

Classification of Ship Waste

Classification of Ship Waste All garbage should be segregated into categories to allow correct disposal. Therefore it should segregated into different bins for storage and disposal. Crew members should be advised of what garbage should and should not be discarded in them. Ratings should be assigned for collecting or emptying these receptacles and taking the garbage to the appropriate processing or storage location. Receptacles for each category should be clearly marked and distinguished by color, graphics, shape, size or location. These receptacles should be provided in appropriate spaces throughout the ship.

Oily Water Separator

Oily Water Separator To minimize the oily content in bilge water, which can be discharged from the ship, MARPOL has a regulation under ANNEX I which limits the oil content in the bilge water that vessel can legitimately discharge into the sea. It is now a requirement for all vessels to have an oil discharge monitoring and control system along with an oil filtering equipment known as the Oily Water Separator (OWS).

Oily Water Separator (cont’d) As the name indicates, the function of oily water separator is to separate maximum amount of oil particles from the water to be discharged overboard from engine room or cargo hold bilges, oil tanks and oil contaminated spaces. As per the regulation, the oil content in the water processed from the OWS must be less then 15 parts per million of oil.

Oily Water Separators The Master, Chief Engineer and senior officers in the engine department should: Instruct OWS users and verify the standard achieved Verify that maintenance schedules followed Ensure that audits include operational tests and reconciliation of records Ensure that scheduled tank sounding logs are maintained and signed. Keep records of verification of correct operation through testing at sea Ensure that on board spares are adequate Create a culture where complacency in operation and maintenance standards is unacceptable.

The Master, Chief Engineer and senior officers in the engine department should: Ensure that ship familiarisation procedures verify that company environmental policy and operability of equipment are understood and followed Require the status of pollution prevention equipment to be recorded in the handover notes of the responsible engineer and the Chief Engineer Record the independent verification of the correct operation of the oil discharge monitoring equipment Raise awareness of the need for an open chain of command and accurate record keeping that can be substantiated with Port State Control.

Sewage Treatment Plant

Sewage Treatment Plant The sewage generated on the ship cannot be stored on the ship for a very long time and it for this reason it has to be discharged into the sea. Though sewage can be discharged into the sea, we cannot discharge it directly overboard as there are some regulations regarding discharging of sewage that needs to be followed. Sewage on sea is generally the waste produced from toilets, urinals and WC scuppers. The rules say that the sewage can be discharged into the sea water only after it is treated and the distance of the ship is 4 nautical miles from the nearest land. But if the sewage is not treated this can be discharged 12 nautical miles away from the nearest land.

Sewage Treatment Plant (cont’d) Also the discharged sewage should not produce any visible floating solids nor should it cause any discoloration of surrounding water. Generally, ships prefer treating sewage before discharging to save themselves from any type of embarrassment. There are different methods of treating sewage available in the market, but the most common of them is the biological type for it occupies less space for holding tank, unlike those of the other methods. Moreover, the discharge generated from this plant is eco friendly. It is to not that each sewage treatment system installed onboard has to be certified by classification society and should perform as per their requirement and regulations.