C DELHI-MUMBAI INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR Dr. N. Sridharan ORRIDORS ONURBATIONS ONFLICTS IN PERI-URBAN SPACE DELHI-MUMBAI INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR Dr. N. Sridharan Presentation made at the Paris RASIEM Conference 27-29th Sept. 2007 Sri©2007

Presentation Scheme Corridor Development – National Highway Development Project Urbanisation & Economic Change Delhi – Mumbai Corridor Characteristics of Settlements selected States on the corridor – Concentration & Conurbation Conflicts in the Periphery – Why & How?

Urbanization and Economic change in India 285 Million Urban Population in 2001 27.78% to total 10% of World’s urban 21 % of Asia’s urban 35 Million Plus cities have 107.88 million 37.8% of total urban Class I cities (that is more than 100,000) have 196 million (68.7%) Source: http://www.indicus.net/Reports/GeographyEconomy/Geography_Indianeconomy.pdf Accessed on 02/03/06.

DELHI – MUMBAI CORRIDOR – 1419 KM. EXCLUDING PUNE-MUMBAI DELHI – AMRITSAR SECTIONS THAT ARE ALREADY INDUSTRIALISED TOGETHER IT IS MORE THAN 2000 KM. HEAVY FDI FLOWS IN THIS CORRIDOR. RECENTLY JAPANESE GOVT. HAS AGREED TO INVEST AROUND $ 10 MILLION US IN THIS CORRIDOR ALONE. EXPANDING AND SPECIALISED INDUSTRIAL LOCATION. UNIQUE INVESTMENT CLIMATE

EMERGENCE OF URBAN CORRIDORS -1

EMERGENCE OF URBAN CORRIDORS -2 Existing Corridor fuelled by Golden Quadrilateral + Other MajorRoad development projects Spatial competition

DELHI – MUMBAI CORRIDOR DECLARED INDUSTRIAL EXTENDS FROM PUNE (BEYOND MUMBAI) TO JALANDHAR (BEYOND DELHI) MORE THAN SIX SEZs IN THIS CORRIDOR HIGHLY URBANISED STATES OF MAHARASHTRA, GUJARAT AND DELHI FALLS UNDER 10 METROPOLITAN URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS

METRO CONCENTRATION Population concentration Settlement concentration Divergence in population growth of emerging metro centers Convergence of tertiary sector activities

Population Concentration State No. of Settlements in various Population Size (%) Metro Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Delhi 100 99.78 Maharashtra 48.8 79.70 6.66 9.42 Gujarat 52.12 76.75 9.67 9.47 Rajasthan 17.4 57.23 13.94 20.80 Punjab 29.26 58.39 16.45 12.50

Metro Growth Rates Metro Urban Agglomera-tion Population In 2001(million) Gr. Rate 1981-91 (Pre-reform) 1991-01 (Post-Reform) Mumbai 16.4 50.21 30.21 Delhi 12.8 46.19 52.73 Ahmedabad 4.5 29.40 37.07 Pune 3.8 47.39 51.13 Surat 2.8 66.16 85.33 Jaipur 2.3 49.16 53.12 Indore 1.6 -0.46 48.46 Vadodara 1.5 49.87 33.85 Ludhiana* 1.4 66.72 37.85

Core & the Periphery Growth City Core Growth Rate In Periphery Growth rate In 1981-91 1991-2001 Ahmedabad 2.11 2.00 2.58 3.11 Delhi 3.59 3.09 3.80 4.18 Pune 2.64 4.83 3.88 4.09 Surat 4.84 4.85 4.97 6.16 Mumbai 1.86 1.82 4.22 2.62 Vadodara 3.39 2.36 3.65 2.81

Case Studies

MUMBAI – PUNE EXPRESSWAY CORRIDOR

PUNE MILLION PLUS CITY IN THE PERIPHERY HI-TECH INDUSTRIES IN THE PERIPHERY INCLUDING SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES & REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT PUNE

S u r a t - Ahmedabad Corridor SURAT URBAN AGGLOMERATION EXPERIENCING INDIA’S FASTEST PERIPHERAL GROWTH (6.18% GR. RATE OF POPULATION PER ANNUM STRONG INDUSTRIAL CONURBATION & CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT IN SURAT AHMEDABAD TOO EXPERIENCING FASTER GROWTH

JAIPUR-AJMER CORRIDOR – RAJASTHAN STATE

JALANDHAR – LUDHIANA CORRIDOR – PUNJAB STATE

Competition - 1 Peri-Urban as new knowledge Centers: Location of Tech Parks, Spl. Economic Zones at the outskirts of the city. Spatial Competition (Peer Pressure), among Within the city – Local Economic Development Core and the periphery The metro cities to attract FDI The States within the country Competing & Conflicting Landuses Surat, Mumbai, Pune, Ludhiana and Jalandhar expand on environmentally sensitive land

Conflicts & Contestations - 2 Coflicts Environmental Conflicts Green field Developments Eco insensitiveness of development process Territoriality Conflicts 74th Constitutional Amendment Act not implemented – Gives power for forming Metropolitan Planning Committee Adminstrative Conflicts Corporation, Councils, Town Panchayats & District Adminstration Economic Conflicts Location of Economic Activities at the periphery (SEZ, STPI, industrial estates, etc) Revenue Loss to the Core Social Conflicts Rich settling down in the periphery – No more a degenerating periphery Social segregation & Marginalisation in the periphery

Credits Jasminder, Sohini, Sushmita, Yogita and Nilesh for case studies and mapping. Isabelle Milbert & Philippe Cadene for funding this research. thanks