The Protestant Reformation What conditions encourage the growth of revolutions? Chapter Intro 3

Content Vocabulary Christian humanism salvation indulgence Lutheranism Section 3-Key Terms

People, Places, and Events Martin Luther Desiderius Erasmus Wittenberg Ninety-five Theses Edict of Worms Charles V Bohemia Hungary Peace of Augsburg Section 3-Key Terms

Prelude to Reformation Christian humanism and Desiderius Erasmus paved the way for the Protestant Reformation. Section 3

Prelude to Reformation (cont.) Martin Luther – started the Reformation in the early 1500’s During the second half of the fifteenth century, people who followed Christian humanism wanted to reform the Catholic Church. Christian humanists believed that humans could improve themselves and thus improve society. Humanists thought if people read the classics, especially those related to Christianity they would become more pious (religious) This would bring change to society Europe After the Peace of Augsburg, 1555 Section 3

Prelude to Reformation (cont.) Humanist: Desiderius Erasmus – his view of religion was “the philosophy of Christ” Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis, not just provide beliefs for them to be saved. Does not believe pilgrimages, fasting, or relics were not important Wrote “Praise of Folly” – criticized parts of Christianity that he believed needed to be changed. Section 3

Prelude to Reformation (cont.) Reasons for Reform of the Catholic Church: Corruption - Catholic Popes were more concerned with politics and material goods than spiritual guidance. Parish priests seemed ignorant of their spiritual duties. People wanted to know how to save their souls and priests were more worried about how to increase their wealth People wanted to know how they were going to gain salvation – entrance into heaven Section 3

Prelude to Reformation (cont.) People were told they could achieve salvation if they provided more relics to the churches. The use of indulgences was used to avoid punishment for sin. If a person could provide the church with 5000 relics then they would go straight to heaven Could reduce time in purgatory by 1,443 years Church started selling indulgences Others focused on the Modern Devotion – stresses the need to follow the teachings of Jesus Section 3

What was the main thesis of Erasmus’s The Praise of Folly? A. Certain aspects of society and the church needed reform. B. The Catholic Church did not need a pope. C. Monks and nuns should be the true leaders of the Church. D. The Church needed to update its traditions. A B C D Section 3

Martin Luther Believing in his new doctrine of salvation, Martin Luther broke from the Catholic Church and established Lutheranism. Section 3

Martin Luther (cont.) Martin Luther was a monk and professor at the University of Wittenberg in Germany. He believed that humans would be saved by their faith in God and not by the good works done in His name. Main teaching of Protestant Reformation: justification by faith alone (only need faith in God to go to heaven) Section 3

Martin Luther (cont.) Luther did not want to break away from the Church, only to reform it. He wrote a list of his grievances, known as the Ninety-five Theses, and copies were sent all over Germany – complaints about indulgences Eventually he looked for a complete break from Catholic Church Only wanted to keep two sacraments – Baptism and Communion Clergy could marry Church excommunicated him in 1521 Section 3

Martin Luther (cont.) Had to appear in front of legislature by the new emperor – Charles V Tried to convince Luther to change his ideas; Luther refused. The Edict of Worms made Luther an outlaw, and his works were banned. Many German princes who supported Luther confiscated Catholic Church land, and a government church was established. A new religious service which consisted of reading the Bible, preaching the word of God, and songs, became the basis of the doctrine known as Lutheranism. Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith. Section 3

How did Luther outline his grievances with the Catholic Church? A. Edict of Worms B. Wittenburg Policy C. Ninety-five Theses D. indulgences A B C D Section 3

Politics in the German Reformation Political and religious problems forced the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire to seek peace with the Lutheran princes. Section 3

Politics in the German Reformation (cont.) The Holy Roman Empire was ruled by Charles V who wanted the empire to remain Catholic. The empire included Spain, Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, the Low Countries, Milan, and Naples. Problems with the Ottoman Turks, French rivalry, and the alliance of the German kingdoms prevented Charles from asserting military power over the Protestant Reformation in Germany. Section 3

Politics in the German Reformation (cont.) In 1555 the Peace of Augsburg ended the religious wars by accepting the division of Christianity. German rulers, but not the German people, could choose their own religion. Section 3

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Select a transparency to view. Chapter Transparencies Menu Chapter Transparency Unit Time Line Transparency Cause-and-Effect Transparency Select a transparency to view. Chapter Trans Menu

Chapter Trans

Unit Timeline Trans

CnETrans

DFS Trans 1

DFS Trans 2

DFS Trans 3

DFS Trans 4

urban society a system in which cities are the center of political, economic, and social life Vocab1

secular worldly Vocab2

mercenary a soldier who sells his services to the highest bidder Vocab3

dowry a gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage, either by the bride’s parents to her husband or, in Islamic societies, by a husband to his wife Vocab4

instability not steady; wavering Vocab5

decline a change to a lower state or level Vocab6

humanism an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history Vocab7

vernacular the language of everyday speech in a particular region Vocab8

fresco a painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints Vocab9

attain to gain or achieve Vocab10

style having a distinctive quality or form Vocab11

Christian humanism a movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance, combining classical learning (humanism) with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church Vocab12

salvation the state of being saved (that is, going to heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good works Vocab13

indulgence a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death Vocab14

Lutheranism the religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed; it differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation, which Luther believed could be achieved by faith alone, not by good works; Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith Vocab15

precise exact or sharply defined Vocab16

ignorant unaware; lacking knowledge of Vocab17

predestination the belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved (the elect) and who will be damned (the reprobate) Vocab18

annul declare invalid Vocab19

published printed for distribution Vocab20

justification the process of being justified, or deemed worthy of salvation, by God Vocab21

To use this Presentation Plus! product: Click the Forward button to go to the next slide. Click the Previous button to return to the previous slide. Click the Home button to return to the Chapter Menu. Click the Transparency button from the Chapter Menu, Chapter Introduction slides, or Visual Summary slides to access the transparencies that are relevant to this chapter. From within a section, click on this button to access the relevant Daily Focus Skills Transparency. Click the Return button in a feature to return to the main presentation. Click the History Online button to access online textbook features. Click the Reference Atlas button to access the Interactive Reference Atlas. Click the Exit button or press the Escape key [Esc] to end the slide show. Click the Help button to access this screen. Links to Presentation Plus! features such as Maps in Motion, Graphs in Motion, Charts in Motion, Concepts in Motion, and figures from your textbook are located at the bottom of relevant screens. Help

This slide is intentionally blank. End of Custom Shows