Sectionalism: Economics and Political Controversies 2.3: Compare the economic development in different regions (the South, the North, and the West) of the United States during the early 19th century, including ways that economic policies contributed to political controversies

Sectionalism Economic differences caused regions to develop differently Different social values Different political interests Differences led to political conflict and eventually war

Sectionalism Map

Regional Geography North South West Safe Harbors Fast Flowing Rivers Fertile Land for Cash Crops West Fertile, Cheap Land Mineral Deposits

Economic Sectionalism North Finance and Industry Shipping and Trade Urban Centers Immigrants to work in Factories South Plantation Economies Rural Cash Crops – cotton the new crop Slave labor on Plantations West Cheap, Fertile Land for immigrants and poor Rich mineral deposits (Silver and Gold) Relied on families, immigrants, and some slaves

Social Sectionalism North South Importance of public education to assimilate Irish and German immigrants South Education not as valued, slave education outlawed and no public education for whites

Political Controversies National Bank South and West opposed the Bank because they feared it gave too much power to wealthy Northerners Preferred State Banks that would offer cheap loans Northerners supported the Bank because it put economic power into the hands of wealthy merchants

Political Controversies Protective Tariff Northerners supported the tariff as a means of protecting the North’s young industries from foreign competition West accepted the tariff in exchange for internal improvements (roads and canals) and cheap land South opposed the tariff because it raised prices

Political Controversies Clay’s American System Political alliance between North and West that exchanged support for the tariff for promised internal improvements in the West Erie Canal was completed to increase the economic and political connection between the West and the North South opposed the American System because it isolated the region both politically and economically

Political Controversies Expansion of Slavery South supported the extension of slavery into the West North opposed the extension of slavery Westerners were divided on the matter Missouri Compromise: No slavery north of 36’30 Biggest sectionalist debate of the era

Regional Differences Matrix NORTH SOUTH WEST Political Social Economic

Word Bank for Matrix Industry Anti-Bank (2) Pro-Slavery Pro-Tariff (2) Plantations Immigrants (2) Pro-Improvements (2) Cheap Land Anti-Tariff Anti-Slavery Poor families Anti-improvements Cash crops Finance and Commerce Agriculture (2) Mixed on Slavery Mining Public Education No Education Some Slaves Shipping Pro-Bank

Regional Differences Matrix NORTH SOUTH WEST Political Pro-Tariff Pro-Bank Pro-Improvements Anti-Slavery Anti-Tariff Anti-Bank Anti-Improvements Pro-Slavery Pro-Tariff Anti-Bank Pro-Improvements Mixed on Slavery Social Education Immigrants No Education Slavery Immigrants Poor Families Some Slaves Economic Industry Finance Shipping Agriculture Plantations Cash Crops Cheap Land Mining