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Presentation transcript:

Resources Doppler automation: http://newyorkscienceteacher.com/sci/files/user-submitted/doppler.swf Chart with amplitude (in Pa and W/m^2 and dB) for typical sounds. http://www.sengpielaudio.com/TableOfSoundPressureLevels.htm Automation of sound at molecular level http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/resources/s/sound/solid.asp?strReferringChannel=resources&strReferringPageID=tcm:4-248294-64 dd

Lab Bonus There is something wrong with this animation http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/resources/s/sound/solid.asp?strReferringChannel=resources&strReferringPageID=tcm:4-248294-64

Lesson 1 What is sound and how do we plot it? Objective: see lesson Do Now Define air pressure.

What is sound? http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/resources/s/sound/solid.asp?strReferringChannel=resources&strReferringPageID=tcm:4-248294-64 Wave of changing air pressure Air pressure: Force per unit area exerted by air Units: N/m2 = Pascal = Pa Can air pressure be negative? Speed of sound in air: 343 m/s @ T = 20oC

Lesson 2: Amplitude (Volume) and pitch Objective: Relate amplitude to volume and measure sound volume Amplitude of sound wave = volume Generally converted to Decibels (dB) Define: Sound pressure = p = amplitude of pressure wave Pressure level = Lp = 20*log10(p/po) dB po = 2 x 10-5 Pa

What is sound? Atmospheric pressure = 101.3 kPa

Pitch Pitch = frequency High pitch  high freq and vice versa Which has higher frequency: A tuba or a flute? A fog horn or ambulance siren? Students: Give more examples of different pitches

Lesson 3: Doppler Effect Objective: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHNn2emG5Pc

Lesson 4: Make up of sound Objective:

Real Sound Waves Sound waves are NOT “pure” sine waves Below is a picture of a sort of real sound wave How could you describe this in numbers How about this?

Fourier Theorem Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier 1768-1830 Periodic functions can be represented as sum of sine waves… Open the applet from: http://www.falstad.com/fourier/ You can move freq components up and down to see what happens to wave Questions Why can’t you hear the difference between th and f How high can people hear? CD sampling rate

Terms Sound is made up of waves at: Fundamental freq: lowest frequency Harmonics Multiples of fundamental Fundamental usually has largest amplitude Relative amplitudes of harmonics determine what things sound like Human hearing range: 20 to 20,000 Hz