Articles of Confederation 1781-1787 The “Critical Period” – Establishing a stable United States Government 1780s Articles of Confederation 1781-1787 “League of Friendship” = weak Union Unable to Tax 13 States effectively No Executive or Judicial branch …did pass NW Ordinance for new states Unable to deal w/ Shays’ Rebellion 1786 US Constitution Compromises 1787 Great Compromise = House + Senate 3/5 Compromise = slavery + representation Electoral College = indirect Presidential election Ratification Debate 1787- + Bill of Rights 1791 Federalists vs Anti-Federalists 1st 10 Amendments = protect liberties Free speech-press-religion-assembly-petition Right2BearArms Rights of the Accused States’ Rights/Reserved Power Reasons 4 US Independence 1763-1776 Proclamation Line Mercantilism Trade limits “No Taxation w/out…” T. Paine Common Sense Hamilton Financial Plan Debt Consolidation Bank of United States Tariffs for Industry Whiskey Excise Tax George Washington precedents Cabinet appointments Hamilton Plan Whiskey Rebellion Neutrality foreign policy 2 Term Limit Louisiana Purchase Treaty 1803 Port City = New Orleans Control Mississippi River Doubled USA territory Treaty = loose interpretation

Articles of Confederation 1781-1787 The “Critical Period” – Establishing a stable United States Government 1780s Articles of Confederation 1781-1787 US Constitution Compromises 1787 Ratification Debate 1787- + Bill of Rights 1791 Reasons 4 US Independence 1763-1776 1. 2. 3. 4. Hamilton Financial Plan D B T W Louisiana Purchase Treaty 1803 1. 2. 3. 4. George Washington precedents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Marbury v Madison = Judicial Review Marshall Court 1801-35 McCulloch v Maryland = Federal Supremacy Marshall Court 1801-35 Gibbons v Ogden = Spoils System =political favoritism Veto of BUS = eliminates power + corruption of National Bank Andrew Jackson Presidency 1829-1837 Trail of Tears = enforces the Indian Removal Act

Monroe Doctrine 1823 Neutrality USA protects the Western Hemisphere USA will not intervene in European Wars Maine = “Free State” pleases NORTH Missouri = “Slave State” pleases SOUTH Missouri Compromise 1820 36*30’ North Latitude = boundary prohibiting further slavery

Abolition Movement Frederick Douglass Harriet Tubman “The North Star” Women’s Suffrage Movement Begins “We hold these truths…all men + women are created equal “ Seneca Falls, NY Convention 1848 Elizabeth Cady Stanton = author William Lloyd Garrison “The Liberator” newspaper Frederick Douglass “The North Star” Abolition Movement Harriet Tubman Underground RR

Oregon Treaty 1846 Manifest Destiny 1840s Texas Annexation NORTH = More industrial + less slavery Lowell Factory System SOUTH = Cotton plantations + more slavery Sectionalism North v South South Carolina + tariff nullification crisis Oregon Treaty 1846 Texas Annexation 1845 Manifest Destiny 1840s Mexican Cession 1848

= settlers decide slavery California = Free State Popular Sovereignty in New Mexico Territory Compromise 0f 1850 Fugitive Slave Laws Strengthened Popular Sovereignty = settlers decide slavery Results in “Bleeding Kansas” Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Opposed by new sectional Republican Party

Dred Scott 1857 US Supreme Court Decision Slavery protected = property right US Supreme Court Decision Dred Scott 1857 Reinforces Popular Sovereignty Failed Raid on US Arsenal Goal = arm slaves to win freedom John Brown 1859 Trial + Execution divided North v South

Election of 1860 11 States form CSA Republican Abraham Lincoln Wins Issue = Popular Sovereignty + spread of slavery Election of 1860 Southern Democrats will begin secession Southern States 11 States form CSA Secession 1860-1861 Confederate against Lincoln + Republicans

Suspends Habeas Corpus Lincoln Executive Actions Must stop Secession North Union Vs Southern Confederacy Lincoln Presidency Lincoln faces criticism in North Suspends Habeas Corpus Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln Executive Actions Pardons + POW issues

Sectionalism Challenges Nationalism Manifest Destiny +Slavery = Civil War Marshall, Monroe, Jackson =Nationalism Marshall Court = Federal Supremacy Monroe Doctrine = neutrality President Jackson = powerful executive BUS veto…to end corruption Indian Removal Act enforced Spoils system to remove opposition Manifest Destiny reveals Sectionalism 1. Missouri Compromise 1820 =36*30’ 2. Texas Annexation 1845 3. Mexican War +Mexican Cession 4. Compromise 1850 +fugitive slave laws 5. Kansas-Nebraska 1854 +popular sovereignty Sectionalism / Secession / Lincoln Dred Scott…slavery = property right Republican Party = not in South Lincoln Election = Southern secession Lincoln must “preserve union” Lincoln suspends habeas corpus + issues Emancipation Proclamation Why was President Jackson important ? 1. 2. 3. 4. What events caused 11 States to secede? 1. 2. 3. 4. What did Lincoln do as President to “preserve the Union” ? 1. 2. 3. 4. What issues divided America 1820-1860 ? 1. 2. 3. 4.