Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome Learning Goals 4- In addition to a 3, I can explain how and why the ideas of government and citizenship developed in Rome 3- I understand the the enduring Roman contributions and their impact on later civilization’s government and citizenship 2- I understand the development of concepts of government and citizenship in Ancient Rome 1- I understand the different types of government 4- I can explain the impact Rome has had on the US 3- I understand the the enduring Roman contributions and their impact on later civilization’s scientific and cultural advancements 2- I understand the development of scientific and cultural advancements 1- I understand the ways Rome changed science and culture

4 I can explain the impact Rome has had on the US In addition to a 3, I can explain how and why the ideas of government and citizenship developed in Rome I can explain the impact Rome has had on the US

3 I understand the the enduring Roman contributions and their impact on later civilization’s government and citizenship I understand the the enduring Roman contributions and their impact on later civilization’s scientific and cultural advancements

2 I understand the development of scientific and cultural advancements I understand the development of concepts of government and citizenship in Ancient Rome I understand the development of scientific and cultural advancements

1 I understand the ways Rome changed science and culture I understand the different types of government I understand the ways Rome changed science and culture

The Roman Republic

Picture this civilization Corrupt government- no one trusts the government Do not value children Promiscuous Don’t value life Violence, between people is common Violence is entertainment- sports that are violent

How did Rome Develop? Creation Myth of Rome Geography of Rome Founded by Romulus and Remus Twin sons of Mars Abandoned on the Tiber River Raised by a Wolf They decided to build a city 7 Rolling Hills- easy to defend Tiber River- for trade Good farm land

How did the Republic Develop? Monarchy Republic Rome had Kings in its early year The last King was a harsh Tyrant The Romans over threw him and vowed to never have another King Form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders

How did the Republic work? Patricians Plebeians 12 Tables Wealthy upper class Hold government positions Citizens with right to vote Could not hold gov position Had their own assembly of elected representatives called Tribunes Protect them from unfair laws of Patricians A written law code All had the right to the protection of the law

How did the Republic Work? Mix of Government 3 Branches similar to US In Crisis Elements of Democracy, Monarchy, and aristocracy Executive: 2 Consuls Legislative: Senate- made laws, different assemblies to govern different areas Judicial: Praetors- 8 Judges over see all courts Can appoint a dictator- for 6 months

The Roman Empire

Why did the Republic Collapse Economic Trouble Military Trouble Gap between rich and poor grew 1/3 population was enslaved ¼ urban poor Former soldiers living in poor conditions, landless Led to armed conflict As republic was unstable- generals seized power for themselves (not Rome) Paid soldiers by giving them land, soldiers were loyal to the generals

How did Julius Caesar Gain power? Triumvirate Caesar’s military Caesar becomes dictator Group of 3 Rulers- Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus Ruled Rome together for 10 years Julius Caesar was Consul 1 year Was governor of Gaul (France) Led successful military engagements all over Pompey was afraid of him gaining too much power Pompey has the Senate order him to Rome He returns with his army- he has the support of the military and most people Is named dictator- for life

What Did Julius Caesar accomplish? Julius Caesar's reforms His death Expanded Roman citizenship Expanded the Senate Created jobs Built new public buildings Increased pay for soldiers On March 15, 44 BC he was stabbed to death in the Senate chambers Planned by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius

The Roman Empire Continued

Movie Time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FI1ylg4GKv8 While watching consider the following: 1.) How would you react if you were in the audience? 2.) Why do you think this form of entertainment is so popular? 3.) Does anything we do today reflect the same values?

How did Octavian become Emperor? Second Triumvirate Antony and Cleopatra General Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian (Caesar’s adopted son) Ruled for 10 years All falls apart- Lepidus is forced to retire, Antony meets Cleopatra while leading troops Follows her to Egypt Octavian accuses Antony of plotting to rule Rome from Egypt Civil War (Antony has help from Cleo) Octavian wins and becomes the sole Ruler of Rome- Emperor Takes the title Augustus Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide

What was the culture of Ancient Rome? Pax Romana Government Economics Period of peace and prosperity in Rome 3million Square miles, 60-80million people One Emperor and a Senate Civil Service- paid officials to run day to day of Government Tax collection,. Grain supply, post office Plebians Common Coinage- silver denarius Complex Road system Made trade within empire easy Agriculture- most important industry

What was the culture of Ancient Rome? Society Gladiators Many unemployed, poor Gap between rich and poor Conquered people become slaves Games-take peoples minds off life Rich and poor Coliseum- giant stadium -50,000 people Men and animals would fight to the death

Roman Lifestyle Skit With a group of 4-5 people you will create a skit to illustrate one aspect of life in Ancient Rome Requirements Skit must be written down- for a grade All members must participate in the skit Skit must portray your aspect of Roman life accurately Have fun!

The Fall of the roman empire

Plan a Vacation- you have 24 hours in Rome- what do you do? Pick 2 Ancient Rome's huge amphitheater, holding up to 55,000 people, was built by Emperor Vespasian in AD 80 and was the scene of many deadly gladiatorial and wild animal fights. The Roman Forum comprises much of the Ancient Rome's most important structures, from shrines to government houses to monuments. Although much of the complex is in ruins, you can see the remains and imagine the former glory of the Arch of Septimius Severus, the Temple of Saturn, the Arch of Titus and the House of the Vestal Virgins, among other structures. The Pantheon is known for its perfect proportions — which is amazing, seeing as it was raised in 120 A.D. While you're there, you can also pay your respects to Raphael (the artist, not the ninja turtle), as well as Italian kings Victor Emmanuel II and Umberto I, who are all buried there. The Ancient Appian Way has a history that dates back to 312 B.C. and includes the 71 B.C. execution of Spartacus' army, and many a Roman military march. These days, it makes for a good walk with numerous monuments to stop and see along the way.

Why did Rome Fall? Economic Factors Military factors Inflation- drop in value of money &rise in prices Poor harvest Rise in taxes Became less disciplined, loyal and patriotic Soldiers were loyal to their general not Rome Mercenaries- hired soldiers Problems recruiting Citizens Threat from northern European Tribes

Why did Rome Fall? Social Factors Political Factors Disease Food shortage Corruption Lack of patriotism, faith in the empire No longer interested in public affairs Political office was seen as a burden Military interference in politics Civil war Division of Empire Moving capitol to Byzantium

How was the Roman Empire divided? Diocletian Constantine Rome was too large for one ruler Divided into Greek speaking East and Latin speaking West Appointed a co-leader of the west Ruled over both parts of the Empire Moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium Changed name to Constantinople After he dies it is split in half again West-falls, East-thrives

How did Rome fall? Germanic Invaders The Huns Romulus Augustulus Germanic tribes were invaded by a group of Mongols from Asia called the Huns The Germanic people then pushed into Rome The Huns led by Attila the Hun attacked and plundered cities throughout Rome Eventually disease stopped them Last Roman Emperor Ousted by German forces expansion of empire