Chapter 6 The Supporting Facility

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Chapter 6 The Supporting Facility Creating the Right Environment

Learning Objectives Describe the critical facility design features. Identify the bottleneck operation in a product layout and rebalance for increased capacity. Use operations sequence analysis to minimize flow-distance in a process layout. Prepare a process flowchart. Recommend facility design features to remove anxiety of disorientation. Conduct a walk-through-audit (WtA).

Facility Design Considerations Nature and Objectives of Service Organization Land Availability and Space Requirements Flexibility Aesthetic Factors The Community and Environment

Product Layout Line-balancing Problem Automobile Driver’s License Office Review Payment Violations Eye Test Photograph Issue In Out 1 240 15 2 120 30 3 60 4 90 40 5 180 20 6 120 30 Activity numbers Flow rate per hour Time in seconds

Automobile Driver’s License Office (Improved Layout) 1,4 65 55 3 60 In Out 2 120 30 5 180 20 6 120 30 1,4 65 55 3 60 In

Process Layout Relative Location Problem Ocean World Theme Park Daily Flows A B C D E F A B C D E F A 7 20 5 6 15 30 15 6 B 8 6 10 2 12 40 10 8 Net flow C 10 6 15 7 8 20 8 8 D 30 5 10 3 30 6 E 10 10 1 20 6 10 F 6 3 4 Flow matrix Triangularized matrix Description of attractions: A=killer whale, B=sea lions, C=dolphins, D=water skiing, E=aquarium, F=water rides.

Ocean World Theme Park (Proposed Layout) (a) Initial layout (b) Move C close to A Pair Flow distances Pair Flow distances AC 30 * 2 = 60 CD 20 * 2 =40 AF 6 * 2 = 12 CF 8 * 2 =16 DC 20 * 2 = 40 DF 6 * 2 = 12 DF 6 * 2 = 12 AF 6 * 2 = 12 Total 124 CE 8 * 2 = 16 Total 96 (c ) Exchange A and C (d) Exchange B and E and move F AE 15 * 2 = 30 AB 15 * 2 =30 CF 8 * 2 = 16 AD 0 * 2 = 0 AF 6 * 2 = 12 FB 8 * 2 = 16 AD 0 * 2 = 0 FD 6 * 2 = 12 DF 6 * 2 = 12 Total 58 Total 70 C A B C A B D E F D E F A A F C B C E D E F D B

Process Flow Charting Symbols Category Symbol Description Operation An operation performed by the server off-line or customers self-service. A possible service failure point. Customer An occasion when server and customer interact. An contact opportunity to influence customer service perceptions. Travel The movement of customers, servers, or information between operations. Delay D Delay resulting in a queue and a need for waiting space for customers. Inspection An activity by customer or server to measure service quality.

Credit Card Processing (Before) Distance Time Activity Customer requests check 30 ft. 0.5 min. D Server walks 0.5 min. D Server prepares check 30 ft. 0.5 min. D Server walks 0.25 min. D Server presents check 30 ft. 0.5 min. D Server walks 0.5 min. D Customer inspects, puts card out 30 ft. 0.5 min. D Server returns to table 0.25 min D Server picks up card 30 ft. 0.5 min. D Server walks to process 0.5 min D Server fills out slip 0.5 min. D Server processes slip 1.0 min. D Server obtains preauthorization 30 ft. 0.5 min. D Server walks 0.25 min. D Server presents slip 30 ft. 0.5 min. D Server walks 0.5 min. D Customer signs (leaves) 0.25 min. D Server picks up slip 30 ft. 0.5 min. D (Customer leaves) Server walks Total time: Server:9 min. (270 ft.) Customer: 7.75 min.

Credit Card Processing (After) Distance Time Activity Customer requests check 30 ft. 0.5 min. D Server walks 0.5 min. D Server prepares check 0.5 min. D Server fills out slip 30 ft. 0.5 min. D Server walks 0.25 min. D Server presents check and slip 30 ft. 0.5 min. D Server returns to table 0.5 min D Customer inspects, puts card out, signs slip 0.25 min D Server picks up card and slip 30 ft. 0.5 min. D Server walks 0.5 min. D Server processes slip an card 1.0 min. D Server obtains authorization 30 ft. 0.5 min. D Server walks 0.25 min. D Server presents card and receipt D Customer leaves Total time: Server: 7.5 min. (210 ft.) Customer: 6.75 min.

Servicescapes Designing Physical Surroundings to Affect Employee and Customer Behavior Ambient Conditions: background characteristics such as noise level, music, lighting, temperature, and scent. Spatial Layout and Functionality: reception area, circulation paths of employees and customers, and focal points. Signs, Symbols, and Artifacts: selection, orientation, location, and size of objects.

Environmental Orientation Considerations Need for spatial cues to orient visitors Formula facilities draw on previous experience Entrance atrium allows visitors to gain a quick orientation and observe others for behavioral cues Orientation aids and signage such as “You Are Here” maps reduce anxiety

Walk-Through-Audit Service delivery system should conform to customer expectations. Customer impression of service influenced by use of all senses. Service managers lose sensitivity due to familiarity. Need detailed service audit from a customer’s perspective.