Preliminary Human Asteroid Mission Design

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Presentation transcript:

Preliminary Human Asteroid Mission Design Ian Roundhill NASA JSC EG5 (281) 483-6761 iroundhi@ems.jsc.nasa.gov http://fmlab.jsc.nasa.gov/userpages/iroundhi/ May 17, 1999 Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761

Goals Asteroids may be worthy targets as a testbed for Mars mission and/or exploration. Produce a list of asteroids that can be reached with DVs and trip times similar to a manned Mars mission. This study will exclude scientific considerations. Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

Primary Tool Asteroid list of 650 objects from the Near Earth Objects webpage Clearinghouse for asteroid ephemeris data chartered by International Astronomical Union (IAU) Near Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) at JPL confirmed the quality of this database. http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/mpc.html Erthroid-Asteroid tool by Sam Wilson Based on Earth - Mars used commonly in EG5 Similar results to Larry Kos’ (MSFC) Modification to create ADA function call allows for large data manipulation Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

Assumptions Lambert targeted, patched conic trajectories 400, 500, and 600 day trip time constraints Earth departure from 70761 km x 800 km orbit 4 propulsive maneuvers with Earth entry Earth Departure, Asteroid Arrival, Asteroid Departure, Earth Arrival (optional) Earth arrival DV to reduce entry speed to 13 km/s Date Scope Julian 2453000-246300 Gregorian Dec 26, 2003-May 13, 2031 No Venus swingbys Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

Data Process Remove objects with poor orbit shapes Produce porkchop plot Define areas of interest For a range of trip times For a range of stay times Compute round trip DV Compute Initial Mass in High Earth Orbit Sort based on minimum DV Sort based on minimum mass Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

1991 JW Porkchop Julian Date 2455000 June 2009 Asteroid Date Earth Date Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

Sizing Methodology Single vehicle No in-situ resources Static module masses based on Mars mission Rocket equation engine sizing with historical mass fractions ISP of 469 s Cyrogenic fuels Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

Top Ten List Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

3 Asteroids in Particular 1989 ML Amor type a=1.272 e=0.136 i=4.4° 1998 HG49 Amor type a=1.2 e=0.113 i=4.2° 1991 JW Apollo type a=1.038 e=0.118 i=8.7° Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761 10

Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761 11

Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761 12

Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761 107,000 kg Transhab with TMI, Aerobrake, and TEI Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761 13

Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761 107,000 kg Transhab with TMI, Aerobrake, and TEI Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761 14

Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761 107,000 kg Transhab with TMI, Aerobrake, and TEI Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761 15

Candidate 1989 ML Mission Trip Time: 550 days Stay Time: 30 days Earth Departure Asteroid Arrival Asteroid Departure Earth Arrival DV (km/s) July 2008 May 2009 June 2009 Jan 2010 1.38 2.63 3.44 0.05 7.50 Mass Comparisons Post TEI Post MOI Post TMI In HEO 1989 ML (mt) Mars DRM (mt) 30 80 159 225 36 61 74 107 Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

1989 ML Mission Trajectory Earth Departure Asteroid Arrival Asteroid Departure Earth Arrival July 2008 May 2009 June 2009 Jan 2010 Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

Candidate 1989 HG49 Mission Trip Time: 550 days Stay Time: 30 days Earth Departure Asteroid Arrival Asteroid Departure Earth Arrival DV (km/s) May 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010 Nov 2011 1.18 1.98 2.41 0.05 5.62 Mass Comparisons Post TEI Post MOI Post TMI In HEO 1989 HG49 (mt) Mars DRM (mt) 30 60 102 138 36 61 74 107 Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

1998 HG49 Mission Trajectory Earth Departure Asteroid Arrival Asteroid Departure Earth Arrival May 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010 Nov 2011 Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

Candidate 1991 JW Mission Trip Time: 550 days Stay Time: 30 days Earth Departure Asteroid Arrival Asteroid Departure Earth Arrival DV (km/s) May 2008 Dec 2008 Jan 2009 Nov 2009 2.29 0.78 0.48 0.05 3.60 Mass Comparisons Post TEI Post MOI Post TMI In HEO 1991 JW (mt) Mars DRM (mt) 30 37 45 83 36 61 74 107 Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

1991 JW Mission Trajectory Earth Departure Asteroid Arrival Asteroid Departure Earth Arrival May 2008 Dec 2008 Jan 2009 Nov 2009 Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

Conclusions Asteroids with long synodic cycles also have long launch windows Sizes generally less than a kilometer Very few of the 650 identified near asteroids are accessible for human Mars-like missions. Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761

Future Work Ask the scientific community for an opinion of these 10 asteroids. Conduct more extensive sizing Variable equipment masses Grapple devices for vehicle and EVA Additional analysis for future discoveries 6 of top 10 discoveries since beginning of 1996 Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC / (281) 483-6761Ian Roundhill / NASA-JSC-EG5 / (281) 483-6761