Chemistry of Life The Nature of Matter

Atoms are the basic building blocks of all things- living or otherwise

Atoms are the basic building blocks of all things- living or otherwise Incredibly small- smallest piece of a substance and still have a substance

Made of three subatomic particles Atoms are the basic building blocks of all things- living or otherwise Incredibly small- smallest piece of a substance and still have a substance Made of three subatomic particles Proton (+) Neutron (no charge) Electron (-)

Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus and both have mass Electrons are in a cloud moving about the outer region of the atom- have insignificant mass

Isotopes are different forms of the same element Have same # of protons & electrons Different # of neutrons

Some isotopes are radioactive Unstable nucleus that breaks down at a constant rate

Useful in research as they can be “traced” or detected by equipment Date fossils or rocks (helps determine geologic age) Radiation from certain isotopes can treat cancer

Compound = substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements Ex: water H2O (hydrogen & oxygen) salt NaCl (sodium & Chloride)

Atom is the smallest chunk of element (oxygen) ** Atoms are to elements as molecules are to compounds** Atom is the smallest chunk of element (oxygen) Molecule is smallest chunk of a compound (water- H2O)

Chemical Bonds: Covalent Electrons are shared between atoms Forms a molecule

2. Ionic Electrons are transferred between atoms Forms opposite charges that attract

Chemical Bonds: 3. Hydrogen Weak attraction between hydrogen (+) Happens in water, DNA

Chemical Bonds: 4. Van der Waals forces weak attraction between any + and – area of 2 neighboring atoms Larger molecules Weakest of all bonds

Chemical Reaction- -molecules are destroyed and created by breaking and forming chemical bonds

Chemical Reaction- atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

Chemical Reaction- there must be the same number of each type of atom on the product and reactant sides of the arrow

CH4 + 2o2 CO2 + 2H2O Reactants Products Balanced? C H O Reactants

CH4 + 2o2 CO2 + 2H2O Reactants Products Balanced? 1 C Yes 4 H 4 O 4O