Spain Builds an Empire 1
Portugal Takes the Lead Henry the Navigator encourages improvements in cartography, navigation, and ship design Bartholomeu Diaz rounds Cape of Good Hope (1488) Vasco da Gama reaches India (1497) Portuguese soon seize key outposts around Indian Ocean & create vast trading empire
Prince Henry, the Navigator School for Navigation, 1419
Christofo Colon [1451-1506]
Spain Enters the Race Competition for wealth in Europe 1492 - Columbus finally convinces Spain’s Ferdinand & Isabella to finance his attempt to reach Asia by sailing west.
The Pinta The Nina The Santa Maria 8
“Tierra, Tierra” October 12, 1492 the Pinta sees land. He thought he reached the East Indies, instead he reached the Bahamas. He greeted the indigenous as los indios He named the island San Salvador (“holy savior”) Despite making three more voyages to the Americas, Columbus goes to his grave convinced that he had reached Asia. 9
10
11
Gold? Columbus finds no gold on San Salvador The Spanish monarchs are pleased They finance 3 more trips Intent: to colonize the islands Colonies- lands that are controlled by another nation. Transformed Caribbean into Spanish colonies and paved the way for American settlement 12
Columbus’ Four Voyages
Other Explorers Pedro Alvares Cabral- reaches Brazil 1500 (Portugal) Amerigo Vespucci- an Italian sailing for Portugal traveled along South America was 1st to describe it as a “new world” 1501 In 1507 the continent is named__________. Vasco Nunez de Balboa marches through Panama (1st to see Pacific Ocean) Line Of Demarcation 14
The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation
Ferdinand Magellan 16
Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World:
The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs vs. Fernando Cortez Montezuma II
Hernando Cortez Arrived in Mexico Cortez and men known as conquistadors Spanish are the 1st European settlers in America The Spanish leave a HUGE impact on the Mexican culture Conquered the Aztecs Effect on the Natives: Disease
20
Cortez and the Aztecs Tenochtitlan- capitol of the Aztec empire Montezuma- ruler of the Aztec empire Montezuma is convinced that Cortez is a god! Agrees to give him a share of the empires gold. Cortez is not happy and goes to war with the Aztecs conquering them in 1521 by: Superior weaponry Disease 21
Mexico Surrenders to Cortez
The Death of Montezuma II
The First Spanish Conquests: The Incans vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa
Spanish Conquests in Peru 1532 Francisco Pizarro marched in South America and conquered the Incan Empire. Atahualpa- the Incan Ruler brought several thousand of his 30,000 men to meet Pizarro. Pizarro ambushes Atahualpa and ransoms him. Atahualpa fills a room with gold and silver. Pizarro is not satisfied so he strangles Atahualpa and conquers Cuzco, the Inca capitol city in 1533. 26
27
28
Spain’s conquest Peninsular- a Spanish settler in the Americas Mestizo-a mixed Spanish and Native American population. Encomienda- a Spanish grant to American settlers, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers. 29
The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Native Indians Black Slaves
Relationships with the Natives Large mestizo population Forced Native Americans to work Encomienda system Encomienda system abolished Christianity spreading Spanish colonies pushing North Need for labor Where does it come from?
The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral Our Lady of Guadalupe Guadalajara Cathedral Spanish Mission
Father Bartolome de Las Casas New Laws 1542
Spain continues Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain in 1513. Francisco Coronado led an expedition through AR, NM, TX, OK, KS. Found little gold Spain assigned mostly priests to explore and colonize the southwest. There were many native revolts & the ecomienda system was abolished in 1542. 34
Voyages of Exploration
Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”
European Empires in the Americas