Spain in America Chapter 2 Lesson 2 Essential Question: What are the consequences when culture interact? LA.8.1.6.1, LA.8.1.6.2, LA.8.6.2.2, SS.8.A.2.1, SS.8.A.2.5, SS.8.G.1.2, SS.8.G.2.1, SS.8.G.6.2

Learning Goal Students will be able to understand and evaluate the impact and importance of events, such as the defeat of the Aztec empire or the establishment of Spanish missions.

Conquistadors What are they? Hernán Cortés Francisco Pizarro Spanish Explorers Mainly in search of gold and to covert people to Christianity. Hernán Cortés Conquered Aztecs in Mexico Got help from natives who did not like the harsh Aztecs Francisco Pizarro Conquered the Incas in South America (Peru) Captured Atahualpa (Incan leader) Later executed the leader Incas could not fight without their leader Why did they succeed???

Conquistadors Why did they succeed? Spanish had weapons Guns, cannons Spanish had horses and dogs Help from the Native Americans Viewed Spanish as gods Diseases brought by Europeans Natives had no immunity to these new germs the Europeans brought Caused huge and devastating epidemics

Hernán Cortés Landed in 1519 looking for Aztec Gold Aztec dominated the area Cortés made alliances with those against Aztec He would be able to conquer the Aztecs easier Cortés took ruler of the Aztecs, Montezuma, prisoner Within 2 years, Cortés conquers the Aztecs Montezuma dies in fight

Francisco Pizarro Explored the Pacific Coast of South America where he heard of wealthy Inca Empire Captured Inca ruler Atahualpa and later executed him In 1533, Pizarro controlled the area completely

Juan Ponce de Léon First Spanish landing on the mainland of North America Hoped to find gold but especially the “fountain of youth”. His exploration led to founding of St. Augustine, first settlement in the present day United States.

Juan Ponce de Léon Claimed “La Florida” for Spain in 1513 Land full of wildflowers and plants Was made governor of Florida and tried to create a settlement Attacked by Natives and died after a battle

Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca & Pánfilo de Narváez Searched for the Seven Cities of Cibola which were made of gold and emerald. Both men were unsuccessful Narváez landed in the Tampa Bay area in 1528 Run out of the area to Mexico by the Apalachee

Hernando de Soto Explored southeastern United States Took advantage of Native Americans Took over their town chiefs and demanded food and supplies Crossed over the Mississippi River It was “swift, and very deep”

Francisco Vásquez de Coronado Searched for Cibola in present day Arizona and New Mexico Never found the gold, so he returned to Mexico

Bartolomé de Las Casas Spanish priest Wanted laws that protected Native Americans from harsh treatment by the Spanish Conquistadors demanded taxes be paid by Native Americans who were very poor Often they were turned into slaves to pay their debts Many died from being overworked, starvation, or disease In 1542, laws were passed that made it illegal for the Native Americans to become slaves

How Spain Ruled Pueblos (Towns that were centers for trade) Missions (religious communities) Presidios (forts) Social Classes Peninsulars- people born in Spain (top) Creoles- born in the Americas to Spanish parents Mestizos- mixes Spanish & Native American Native Americans Enslaved Africans (bottom)

France in Florida Noticed the wealth of Spain in the Americas and wanted some of their own Noticed Florida was a key location Access to Atlantic and Gulf to capture Spanish ships filled with riches 1562- Jean Ribault claimed Florida for France in Jacksonville Built stone monument as proof of ownership of Florida by France & established Fort Caroline Spanish believed Florida belonged to them Pedro Menéndez de Avilés became governor Founded St. Augustine in 1565 First permanent settlement in what would be the US Sent forces to kill everyone but women & children at Fort Caroline Spain succeeded and the French gave up claims to Florida

Summary Cortes and Pizarro, though their armies were much smaller then their opposing armies, managed to bring down two great civilizations in the New World. Spain ruled in the Americas with harsh treatment towards the Native Americans. They had little to no rights, much like the African slaves. Encomiendas encouraged this Treatment.

Exit Card #3 List and describe some of the reasons for the Spanish to explore and colonize the American Southeast??

Exit Card #4 Describe reasons why you think Bartolome de Las Casa spoke out about how the Native Americans were being treating by the Spanish.