European Explorations By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer & Miss Raia The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer & Miss Raia
Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Official European Colony! Explorers Conquistadores Official European Colony! Missionaries Permanent Settlers
A Map of the Known World, pre- 1492
Motives for European Exploration GOD GOLD & GLORY! Crusades Renaissance Reformation New Monarchs Scientific Revolution Fame and fortune ?
New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan] Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant
New Weapons Technology
Prince Henry the Navigator Why does Portugal Explore First? The Explorers Prince Henry the Navigator School for Navigation, 1419 Why does Portugal Explore First?
Portuguese Maritime Empire Exploring the west coast of Africa. Prince Henry the Navigator Bartolomeo Dias, 1487. Vasco da Gama, 1498. Calicut. Admiral Alfonso de Albuquerque (Goa, 1510; Maluccas, 1511).
Spanish Explorers Christopher Columbus Vasco Nunez de Balboa Ferdinand Magellan What did they each explore or discover?
Christofo Colon [1451-1506]
Columbus’ Four Voyages
Accompanied Columbus on his second voyage artolome de Las Casas Accompanied Columbus on his second voyage Publicly criticized the ruthlessness with which Columbus and his people treated the Native Americans
Other Voyages of Exploration
Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c
Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”
Why were they successful? The Age of Conquest The Conquistadors: God, Gold and Glory! Hernando Cortes: Conquered Aztecs Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas Why were they successful?
The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs vs. Fernando Cortez Montezuma II
The Death of Montezuma II
Mexico Surrenders to Cortez
The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa
The Old Imperialism The Spanish Empire Conquered Aztec, Incan, and Mayan lands in central and South America Had to Compete with Portugal resulting the in the Treaty of Tordesillas Spanish set up the Encomienda System
The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation
European Empires in the Americas
The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Native Indians Black Slaves
Treasures from the Americas!
Mercantilism Economic System of Imperialism Goal: nations sought a self-sufficient economy Strategy create a favorable balance of trade where one country exported far more than it imported Colonies exist to benefit the mother country
Slaves Working in a Brazilian (Portuguese) Sugar Mill
Triangular Trade
The Slave Trade Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans. Sugar cane & sugar plantations. First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. 275,000 enslaved Africans exported to other countries. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Or Asiento
Slave Ship “Middle Passage”
Why would the 'Columbian Exchange' be considered the tsunami of unintentional "bio-terrorism"??
The “Columbian Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Trinkets Liquor GUNS Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough Slaves
The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral Our Lady of Guadalupe Guadalajara Cathedral Spanish Mission
New Colonial Rivals Why are there no colonies in Africa and Asia?
Impact of European Expansion Native populations ravaged by disease. Slavery in the New World Creation of Empires, Golden age of Spain Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate. [“Price Revolution”] New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”]. Deepened rivalries between countries in Europe over their new world and Asian colonies