3:14 The Americas.

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Presentation transcript:

3:14 The Americas

Mississippian Culture (800-1600 CE) Mississippian Culture (800-1600 CE)—North American natives in the MS River valley, moundbuilders large scale agriculture: maize, beans, squash, tobacco diffusion—the introduction of something new to a culture long-distance trade: pottery, bears teeth, tortoise shells

Mississippian Culture (800-1600 CE) society: animism, rigid matrilineal social structure, women farmed/gathered, men hunted decline: MS River flooding, European arrival

Toltec (900-1168 CE) Toltec (900-1168 CE)—Mesoamerican warrior aristocracy, capitol at Tula; Mayan heritage tribute: from surrounding Mayan settlements religion: worshipped Mayan Quetzacoatl, polytheistic agriculture: maize, beans, squash

Toltec (900-1168 CE) women: made textiles/pottery, household duties, religious rituals (upperclass) achievements: astronomy, calendar, long- distance trade decline: invasion of the Aztec

Aztec (or Mexicas) (1325-1500s) Aztec, aka Mexicas (1325-1500s)—Mesoamerican nomadic warriors, conquered the Toltec region, capitol at Tenochtitlán govt: decentralized theocracy, military conquerors became political leaders tribute: labor, agriculture, luxury goods went to aristocratic local leaders agriculture: chinampas (Lake Texacoco)

Aztec (or Mexicas) (1325-1500s) religion: “Great Speaker” king, polytheistic, mass scale human sacrifice (POWs, debtors) achievements: used Mayan calendar, Mayan writing, long-distance trade women: priestesses, midwives, healers, merchants, scribes decline: too large to govern, POW rebellion, arrival of Europeans (Spanish Hernán Cortés)

Inca (1438–1572) Inca (1438-1572)—South American militaristic empire, capitol at Cuzco Pachacuti (1438-1472)—first emperor to unite four Incan provinces govt: emperors military conquerors; large, well trained armies mita system—mandatory public service for POWs, used communal land for tribute labor/agriculture

Inca (1438–1572) religion: ancestor veneration, animism, sun god Inti, mummification, animal/crop sacrifice (maize, llamas, Guinea pigs) Carpa Nan—25k mile road system quipu—system of knotted strings for recording numbers decline: arrival of Europeans (Spanish Francisco Pizarro)