Cell Organelles And their functions.

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Cell Organelles And their functions

Cell Membranes Surrounds the cell (plasma membrane) and is surrounding some of the organelles. Protects the cell. Allows molecules to enter or exit the cell in a specific fashion. Is semi-permeable.

The Nucleus The “boss”. Is surrounded by a nuclear envelope (made of two membranes). Holes in the membrane are called: nuclear pores Contains the genetic information (DNA) necessary to cell functions in the form of chromatin. Contains RNA (used to transmit the message and is part of the ribosomes); RNA is found in the Nucleolus. Contains proteins, protecting the DNA

Nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Is the “assembly chain” of the cell. Is made of membranes, which are connected in “pathways” The Rough ER has ribosomes on the membranes. Proteins are synthesized in the rough ER. The Smooth ER has only membranes and some of the proteins are modified in the smooth ER.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes They are the “synthesis machine” of the cell; they are involved in making proteins. They are found on Endoplasmic Reticulum and also free in the cytoplasm. They are made of RNA arranged with proteins. They have a small subunit and a lge subunit.

Ribosomes

Golgi body Is the “packaging dept.” of the cell. Is made of a pile of sacs constituted of membranes. Newly synthesized proteins are modified, and carbohydrates are added to proteins. Proteins are shipped between Golgi sacs and out of the Golgi body in vesicles. The Golgi body has a Cis and a Trans side.

Golgi Body

Vesicles Secretory Vesicles: Endocytosis Vesicles: Are little vesicles made of membranes The contain proteins that are shipped out of the cell by exocytosis. Endocytosis Vesicles: Pinocytosis: little molecules taken in the cell Phagocytosis: large particles taken in the cell

Vesicles: Endocytosis Exocytosis

Mitochondria Provides the cell with energy. Is the site of cellular respiration.

Lysosomes Degrade the cell wastes in vesicles. Release the degraded wastes out of the cell.

Cytoskeleton Give the cell its shape Supports the organelles inside the cell Provides “tracks” for movement inside the cell Is involved in cell division

Chloroplasts Exist only in plants Is the site of photosynthesis, which converts sun energy to chemical energy.