What are all living things made of?

Cells

What life process is happening here?

The taking in of food from the environment Nutrition Ingestion The taking in of food from the environment Ingestion is part of nutrition

Which structures in our bodies carry out the life processes? ORGANS

Cell Organelles Various specialized structures which carry out the life functions in cells

Cell Organelles

J C E D A G H I B F

D J C E F H A K G B I

Which diagram represents biological organization?

Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism

Plasma (cell) membrane

The Cell Membrane Glycoprotein Glycolipids Phospholipid bilayer Fatty acid tails Cholesterol Integral protein or transmembrane protein Peripheral protein Phosphate heads

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

cell membrane http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moPJkCbKjBs&list=PLC046A7EA88BFEEAE

Organelle and Function  Plasma membrane is the outer membrane of the cell * It is selectively permeable (semipermeable).

Cell membrane Functions regulates the transport of certain materials into and out of the cell. Cell to cell communication Cellular Response to extracellular signals e.g. hormones, antigens

 Cytoplasm is a fluid‑like environment between the nucleus and the plasma membrane in which other organelles are suspended and within which diffusion and many biochemical processes occur.

Cytoplasm

 Nucleus is spherical, often found in the center of the cell, and surrounded by the nuclear membrane. It contains genetic information (within chromosomes) and directs cell activities.

Nucleus

Nucleolus, found within the nucleus, is involved with the synthesis of ribosomes (mRNA) which manufacture proteins.

Nucleolus

Endoplasmic reticulum is a series of interconnecting channels (membranes) associated with storage, synthesis, and the transport of substances (mainly proteins) within the cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Ribosomes are the sites of protein (enzyme) synthesis, either occurring as free bodies or attached to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Ribosomes

Translation Protein synthesis

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are the “powerhouses” of the cell, sites of cellular respiration (energy conversion) and production of ATP.

Golgi complex

The golgi complex, a series of small membrane‑bound sacs, synthesizes, packages, and secretes cellular products to the plasma membrane.

The lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and help with intracellular digestion when fused with food vacuoles.

A vacuole is a space in a cell surrounded by a membrane which may contain water or other materials.

Specialized vacuoles are present in unicellular organisms: food vacuoles are digestive organelles and contractile vacuoles help maintain water balance.

Vacuole

Specialized vacuoles are present in unicellular organisms: food vacuoles are digestive organelles and contractile vacuoles help maintain water balance.

Centrioles are cylindrical structures found in the cytoplasm which appear to function during cell division. * Commonly found in animal cells.

Chloroplasts, primarily found in plant and algae cells, are pigment containing structures which serve as a site for photosynthesis. Their main pigment is chlorophyll.

The cell wall, made of cellulose, is a nonliving structure which surrounds, protects, and supports a plant cell.

Bacteria vs. Animal Cell

no membrane- membrane-bound bound organelles organelles Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes no nucleus nucleus no membrane- membrane-bound bound organelles organelles

Animal vs. Plant Cells no cell wall cell wall irregular shape regular shape no chloroplasts chloroplasts centrioles no centrioles

Animal vs. Plant Cells no large vacuole large vacuole lysosomes no lysosomes centrosomes no centrosomes

The Cell as a Factory

Part of Factory Cell organelle The Cell as a Factory Part of Factory Cell organelle Factory Manager Box of parts Power Plant Assembly Line Hallway Shipping Center Liquid Storage Tank Security Guard

Part of Factory Cell organelle Factory Manager - Nucleus The Cell as a Factory Part of Factory Cell organelle Factory Manager - Nucleus Box of parts - Food Vacuole Power Plant - Mitochondria Assembly Line - Ribosome Hallway - Endoplasmic Reticulum

Part of Factory Cell organelle The Cell as a Factory Part of Factory Cell organelle Shipping Center - Golgi Apparatus Liquid Storage Tank - Vacuole Security Guard - Cell Membrane

Cytoskeleton https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rqbmLiSkpk

cytoplasm vacuole centrioles membrane Smooth ER nucleolus chromosome ribosome mitochondria Rough ER nucleus Golgi bodies Food vacuole

nucleolus chromosome vesicles chloroplast nucleus Golgi Cell wall membrane ribosome Water vacuole mitochondria ER cytoplasm