Cell Organelles Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Parts Cells – the basic unit of life Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions. Analogy – City of Concord

Cell Analogy An analogy is a comparison between two things to help explain or make clear We can make an analogy between a cell and a city A cell is like the City of Concord Is like Analogy – City of Concord

Cell Membrane Plasma Membrane Analogy – Concord city limits Function: Allows food, oxygen & water into cell and waste out of cell. Protective layer. Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins Analogy – Concord city limits

Cytoplasm Function: Holds cell parts in place Structure: gelatin- like fluid inside membrane Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Concord

Nucleus Nucleus Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA directs all cell activity Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA, usually largest organelle Analogy – City Hall

Nuclear Envelope Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus. Structure: Double Layer of Lipids Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall

DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA (chromatin) Function: information on how to make proteins. Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in the nucleus Analogy – The Laws or City Code

Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER Smooth ER Function: Transportation route for proteins. Rough ER: has ribosomes Smooth ER: no ribosomes Structure: folded membranes; like a conveyor belt Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks

Ribosomes Function: Makes proteins. Free Ribosomes Function: Makes proteins. Structure: small circular organelles attached to ER or float freely. Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.

Vacuoles Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste. Structure: small membrane-bound organelle. Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.

Vesicles Function: surrounds a material to be moved out of the cell. Structure: small sac; forms from Golgi Complex’s membrane. Shipping box

Lysosomes Lysosomes Function: packets of digestive enzymes that break down food, waste, cell parts, & foreign invaders in a cell. Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles; mostly in animal cells Analogy – Recycling center

Mitochondria Mitochondria Function: Break down food to make & release energy. The “Powerhouse” of the cell. Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped. Analogy – Duke Energy

Golgi Apparatus/Complex Function: Packages, labels, sorts and ships proteins out of the cell. Structure: Pancake-shaped layered organelle, stacked flattened membranes Analogy – Post Office

Cytoskeleton Function: Provide support and structure for the cell. Microfilaments Microtubules Function: Provide support and structure for the cell. Microfilaments Microtubules Structure: Tubules Analogy – Wood, cement, steel beams

Chloroplasts (Plants only) Function: site of photosynthesis (converting sun and CO2 into sugar (food)). Structure: Membrane bound organelles that contain chlorophyll Analogy – Solar Panels

Cell Wall (Plant cells only) Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant. Structure: Rigid structure, provides support. Made of cellulose Analogy – ground, rock wall

Cilia & Flagella Cilia Flagella Flagella Function: provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell. Structure: Flagella – 1 long fiber Cilia – many short fibers Analogy – Cars or bicycles.

Cell Organelle Rap