KIGALI AMENDMENT TO THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL BY: SALAHUDIN SIDIK DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, MALAYSIA SEMINAR ON REFRIGERANTS PHASE OUT: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN MALAYSIA 14 JUNE 2017 DORSETT HOTEL, PUTRAJAYA

BACKGROUND OF KIGALI AMENDMENT UNDER NEGOTIATION BY PARTIES SINCE 2009 REACHED AGREEMENT AT THE 28th MEETING OF THE PARTIES TO THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL, 14 OCTOBER 2016, KIGALI, RWANDA PHASE DOWN OF the production and consumption of HYDROFLUOROCARBON (HFCs) - GREENHOUSE GASES WHICH HAVE HIGH OR VERY HIGH GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL (GWP) RANGING FROM 12 TO 14,800

OVERVIEW OF KIGALI AMENDMENT The main features of the amendment are the following: The Kigali Amendment will enter into force on 1 January 2019, provided that it is ratified by at least 20 Parties to the Montreal Protocol (or 90 days after ratification by the 20th Party, whichever is later). There are two groups of Article 5 Parties with different baseline years and phase-down schedules There is an exemption for high ambient temperature (HAT) countries Some non-Article 5 Parties have different baseline calculations and different initial phase-down steps from the main group of non- Article 5 Parties

OVERVIEW OF KIGALI AMENDMENT A new Annex F has been added to the Protocol. This lists the HFCs, separated into two groups: •Annex F, Group I: all HFCs (except HFC-23, and Hydrofluoroolefins - HFOs) •Annex F, Group II: HFC-23. Global warming potential values have been added to the Protocol text for HFCs, and selected HCFCs and CFCs.

KIGALI AMENDMENT : ANNEX F 100-year Global Warming Potential Group Substance   100-year Global Warming Potential Group I CHF2CHF2 HFC-134 1,100 CH2FCF3 HFC-134a 1,430 CH2FCHF2 HFC-143 353 CHF2CH2CF3 HFC-245fa 1,030 CF3CH2CF2CH3 HFC-365mfc 794 CF3CHFCF3 HFC-227ea 3,220 CH2FCF2CF3 HFC-236cb 1,340 CHF2CHFCF3 HFC-236ea 1,370 CF3CH2CF3 HFC-236fa 9,810 CH2FCF2CHF2 HFC-245ca 693 CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3 HFC-43-10mee 1,640 CH2F2 HFC-32 675 CHF2CF3 HFC-125 3,500 CH3CF3 HFC-143a 4,470 CH3F HFC-41 92 CH2FCH2F HFC-152 53 CH3CHF2 HFC-152a 124 CH3CH2F HFC-161 12 Group II [CHF3 HFC-23 14,800]

OVERVIEW OF KIGALI AMENDMENT Production, consumption, imports, exports and emissions as well as consumption baselines of HFCs shall be expressed in carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents. Baselines are to be calculated from both HFC and HCFC production/consumption. Import and export licensing systems for HFCs must be in place by 1 January 2019 or 3 months after the Amendment is ratified by 20 countries Trade with Parties that have not ratified the Amendment (“non-Parties”) will be banned from 1 January 2033 or when the Article 4 of the Protocol (control of trade with non-Parties) has been ratified by 70 countries (whichever is later) The Executive Committee is requested develop, within two years, guidelines for financing the phase-down of HFCs.

KIGALI AMENDMENT TO THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL

KIGALI AMENDMENT PHASE DOWN SCHEDULE FOR A5 COUNTRIES

KIGALI AMENDMENT PHASE DOWN SCHEDULE FOR NON- A5 COUNTRIES

Malaysia is in Group1 Freeze on 1st January 2024 Baseline for freeze: KIGALI AMENDMENT FOR A5 COUNTRIES : MALAYSIA Malaysia is in Group1 Freeze on 1st January 2024 Baseline for freeze: Average import of HFC in 2020, 2021 and 2022 + 65% of baseline HCFC (import in 2009-2010) Reduction schedule Year Reduction 2029 10% 2035 30% 2040 50% 2045 80%

TERIMA KASIH Thank you