NETWORK DESIGN.

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Presentation transcript:

NETWORK DESIGN

Main Objectives Understand the physical connection that has to take place for a computer to connect to the Internet. Recognize the components that comprise the computer. Install and troubleshoot network interface cards and/or modems. Use basic testing procedures to test the Internet connection. Demonstrate a basic understanding of the use of web browsers and plug-ins

Computer Basics Small, Discrete Components Personal Computer Subsystems Backplane Components

Electronic Components Capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field Connector the part of a cable that plugs into a port or an interface Integrated circuit (IC) a device made of semiconductor material; it contains many transistors and performs a specific task

Electronic Components Light emitting diode a semiconductor device that emits light when a current passes through it Resistor a device made of a material that opposes the flow of electric current Transistor a device that amplifies a signal or opens and closes a circuit

Personal Computer Subsystems Bus collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of the computer to another; connects all the internal computer components to the CPU (ISA and PCI) CD-ROM drive a compact disk read-only memory drive; a device that can read information from a CD-ROM Central processing unit (CPU) the brains of the computer where most calculations take place

Personal Computer Subsystems Expansion card a printed circuit board you can insert into a computer to give it added capabilities Expansion slot an opening in a computer where a circuit board can be added Floppy disk drive a disk drive that can read or write to floppy disks Hard disk drive a device that reads and writes data on a hard disk

Personal Computer Subsystems Microprocessor a silicon chip that contains a CPU Motherboard the main printed circuit board of a microprocessor Power supply the component that supplies the power to a computer Printed circuit board (PCB) a thin plate on which chips (ICs) and other electronic components are placed

Personal Computer Subsystems Random access memory (RAM) RAM can have new data written into it and stored data read from it; a drawback of RAM is that it requires electrical power to maintain data storage Read-only memory (ROM) computer memory on which data has been prerecorded System unit the main part of a PC; the system unit includes the chassis, the microprocessor, the main memory, the bus, and the ports

Hard drive interfaces interface is the way the drive communicates with the computer; a sort of language that allows the drive and the computer to talk to each other IDE, SCSI most controller circuitry is placed directly on the hard drive

Modems modem converts digital data from its local computer into analog tones and pulses that can be sent over the telephone lines two basic types--internal/external

The Power Supply converts AC from wall outlet to DC used by computers contains fan and AC/DC converter

Backplane Components Backplane Interface Mouse port the large circuit board that contains slots for expansion cards Interface a piece of hardware such as a modem connector that allows two devices to be connected Mouse port a port designed to connect a mouse to a PC

Backplane Components Network card Parallel port Port an expansion board inserted into a computer so that the computer can be connected to a network Parallel port an interface capable of transferring more than one bit simultaneously; used to connect external devices such as printers Port an interface on a computer to which you can connect an electronic device

Backplane Components Power cord Serial port Sound card Video card a cord used to connect computer to electrical outlet Serial port an interface that can be used for serial communi-cation in which only one bit is transmitted at a time Sound card an expansion card that handles all sound functions Video card a board that plugs into a PC to give it display capabilities

Information Flow Information and electric power are constantly flowing in a PC. Boot instructions—stored in ROM until they are sent out Software applications—stored in RAM after they are loaded RAM and ROM—constantly talk to the CPU through the bus Application information—stored in RAM while applications are being used Saved information—flows from RAM to some form of storage device Exported information—flows from RAM and the CPU through the bus and expansion slots to the printer, the video card, the sound card, or the network card

An Idealized Computer

What’s in that box?

Inside a Computer

An Idealized Computer: Information Flow

Network Interface Cards printed circuit board that provides network capability to computer also called a LAN adapter can be designed as an Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI card

Network Interface Cards communicate through a serial connection Each card requires an IRQ, an I/O address, and an upper memory address to work with DOS/WIN95. To configure TCP/IP LAN settings in a Windows machine, use the Control Panel icon, Network.

Network Interface Cards Considerations: type of network (Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI) type of media (CAT5, fiber, wireless) type of system bus either PCI/ISA or PCMCIA, which is used on laptops) To change a PCs network speed from 10Mbps to 100Mbps, you need to upgrade the NIC.

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a set of protocols or rules developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources across a network. To enable TCP/IP on the workstation, it must be configured using the operating system tools. The process is very similar whether using a Windows or Mac operating system.

TESTING CONNECTIVITY The ping command works by sending multiple IP packets to a specified destination. Each packet sent is a request for a reply. The output response for a ping contains the success ratio and round-trip time to the destination. From this information, it is possible to determine if there is connectivity to a destination. ping 127.0.0.1 Ping 195.14.130.220

software that interprets Web Browsers software that interprets hypertext markup language (HTML) Plug-ins allow the browser to display proprietary file types.

to view the special, properiety files Plug Ins work in conjunction with browser to launch the program required to view the special, properiety files Flash/Shockwave

Troubleshooting Internet connection problems Define the problem Gather the facts Consider the possibility Create action plan Implement plan Observe results Document results

Binary Number System 8 bits = 1 byte Computer systems only understand “on” and “off” or “1s” and “0s.” Computer systems use a binary numbering system rather than decimal. Decimal numbering system uses 10 symbols; they are 0-9. Computer systems use a Base 2 system. 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 8 bits = 1 byte A bit is a binary digit used in the binary numbering system, either 0 or 1.

Binary Number System

Binary Number System The binary number 10010001 in Base 2 = 145. 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 (1, 128) = 128 + (0, 64) = 0 + (0, 32) = 0 + (1, 16) = 16 + (0, 8) = 0 + (0, 4) = 0 + (0, 2) = 0 + (1, 1) = 1 = 145

Binary Number System The decimal number 35 in Base 2 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Binary Number System If the right-most digit is odd, then the number is odd. (255) 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Binary Number System If the right-most digit is even, then the number is even. (142) 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1