Theories of forgetting

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Presentation transcript:

Theories of forgetting Pages 182-189

Theories of forgetting To understand the nature of forgetting it is necessary to make a distinction between the following: availability: is the information still stored? accessibility: can it be retrieved at will?

Trace decay Learning something creates a memory or ‘engram’ which gradually fades This affects both STM and LTM

Displacement There are only a limited number of slots in STM – if new information is taken in then some old information must be ‘knocked out’ (displaced) This is a STM theory of forgetting

Interference The existing memory is distorted in some way, either by something learned in the past (proactive interference) or by something learned in the future (retroactive interference) This affects both STM and LTM

Lack of consolidation When we take in new information a certain amount of time is necessary for changes to the nervous system to take place In the consolidation process, forgetting can occur when consolidation is prevented. This is a STM theory of forgetting

Retrieval failure ‘Cues’ are important – we are likely to remember information better if we recall it in the same state and context that it was learned in the first place This is a LTM theory of forgetting

Motivated forgetting Normally taken to mean ‘motivated forgetting’ in that people unconsciously ‘repress’ (push back) painful or disturbing memories. This is a LTM theory of forgetting

Task Read about each of these theories, their studies and the evaluative comments Make notes in your booklet on page 27