The Scientific Revolution 10.2 Chapter 6.1 Pgs. 189-194

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Essential Question What circumstances led to the Scientific Revolution?

MAIN IDEA- In the Mid-1500s,Scientists began to question accepted beliefs and make new theories based on experimentation. WHY IT MATTERS NOW-Such questioning led to the development of the scientific method still in use today.

SETTING THE STAGE 1300-1600- Great time of change Renaissance- rebirth of learning and the arts (spirit of curiosity) Scholars began to- question ideas that had been accepted 100s of years Reformation- questioning traditional thinking about God and salvation Questioning the physical world was next for scholars

Roots of Modern Science 400-1400 AD Middle Ages What is true or false came from Greek Romans Bible Geocentric theory: earth is the center of the universe Comes from Aristotle and reinforced by Christianity

Scientific Revolution 1550-1700 AD Scholars publish ideas that challenge the accepted truths. Ideas based on careful observation of natural world scientific study question old beliefs

Discoveries and Circumstances 1.Explorers traveled to Africa, Asia, and America (discovered new people and animals) New truths to be found 2. Printing press spreads ideas

Old Science New Science Scholars relied on ancient authorities, church teachings, common sense, and reasoning to explain the physical world. Old Science Scholars began to use observation, experimentation, and scientific reasoning to gather knowledge and draw conclusions about the physical world. New Science

The Science Guys

Revolutionary Model of the Universe Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Heliocentric Theory: developed by Nicolaus Copernicus (1543) Book: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies Stars, earth and planets revolve around the sun Other scientists built on this foundation Johannes Kepler (Elliptical movement)

Galileo Galilei Builds 1st telescope to study astronomy in 1609 1632 Book: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems Finding supports Copernican theory 1633 stands trial before the Pope Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

The Church Response The church continued to disagree with him. They asked “If the Earth is moving, why can’t we feel it?” They ordered him to stop his experiments and threatened him with excommunication. However, he did not stop. He wanted to find proof. Remained under house arrest until his death in 1642

Modern scientific method is based on ideas of Bacon and Descartes René Descartes (1600’s) Developed analytical geometry (linking of algebra and geometry) Everything should be doubted until proved by reason Modern scientific method is based on ideas of Bacon and Descartes René Descartes “I think, therefore I am.”

Instead of just accepting anything the Church said people used the scientific method: Question( From Observation) Hypothesis (Unproven Assumption) Test (Experiment) Analyze (Interpret Data) Conclusion

The Scientific Method Sir Francis Bacon (1600’s) Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas : Science should improve people’s lives Should experiment and then develop conclusions

Sir Isaac Newton Combined breakthroughs of past scientists 1687 The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy Established the laws of gravity Laws of universe expressed through mathematics God created the universe Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727)

The Scientific Revolution Spreads 1590 Zacharias Janssen Invents microscope Leads to the observation of bacteria Andreas Vesalius (1543) On the Structure of the Human Body Publishes observations of dissected human corpses Edward Jenner Produced worlds first vaccination for small pox in late 1700’s

Robert Boyle (1661) The Skeptical Chemist Discovers law that explains the “characteristics of gases” Considered to be the founder of modern Chemistry These same notions of reason and order eventually led to political science

Warm Up Isaac Newton____ A) Considered the founder of Modern Chemistry Galileo Galilei____ B) Using common sense, and reasoning to explain the physical world. Robert Boyle___ C) Established the laws of gravity New Science____ D) Expanded Copernicus's ideas and tried to prove it to the church Old Science____ E) Using observation and experimentation to gather information to analyze the physical world 1. In what way was Copernicus’s heliocentric theory different then the Church’s geocentric theory? 2. What groundbreaking system did Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes help develop? 3. Why might the Church dislike the ideas of Bacon and Descartes?