Topic 2 – Cognitive Psychology Lesson six: Explanation of Long Term Memory – episodic and semantic memory Tulving, 1972)

Tulving (1972) Episodic and semantic memory This is the third model of memory we will look at Tulving proposed that LTM memory was divided into two memory stores: episodic and semantic memory Each store is qualitatively different in terms of the nature of stored memories, time referencing, associations between memories, and the nature of retrieving/recalling information What is semantic? What is episodic?

Nature of semantic and episodic memory Semantic memory: Examples? Tulving – mental encyclopaedia Words, facts, rules Meanings and concepts organises as a body of knowledge Memories associated with other facts that link the concepts together Your own examples? E.g. school and learning These links are based on memories of facts that have been leaned at some earlier time June follows may on the calendar Episodic: Tulving – mental diary Receives and stores information about experiences of events that occur at a time in our life Linked to time and context

Episodic and sematic memory Each store is qualitatively different in terms of the nature of stored memories, time referencing, associations between memories, and the nature of retrieving/recalling information Time referencing Episodic Sematic Spatial referencing Retrieval Including forgetting semantic Are the stores interrelated? Using page 100. identify the differences between episodic and sematic using these four headings. Using different colours/highlighters identify the differences under each heading

Evaluation Supporting evidence suggests the disassociation between sematic and episodic memory Suggests one store can be affected without affecting the other Ostergaard (1987) Summarise and explain how it supports Tulving’s theory regarding semantic and episodic KC case study Summarise and explain how it supports Criticise supporting evidence (using individual differences box)

Application – why is this explanation useful? Pg. 101 –wider issues and debates Cue dependent recall Kenealy (1997) How can this be useful?

Reductionism pg. 102 Case studies such as HM and Clive Wearing highlight limitations Why? Also page 102 (last two paragraphs) Can you identify the problems and relate them to reductionism?

H/W tasks One strength and one weakness (4 marks) Choose the ‘strongest’ evaluation points P C Consolidation of the differences between episodic and semantic Diagram or table (pg. 101)