Plant Growth and Reproduction Chapter 3 Plant Growth and Reproduction

Vascular and Nonvascular Plants Lesson 1 How do plants grow? Vascular and Nonvascular Plants What do we know about plant growth? How do plants grow? What are roots? How do roots help a tree grow? How do plants reproduce? What is photosynthesis? Why is photosynthesis important to plants? Lima Bean Seedling

Parts of a Plant Leaves Stem Roots

Vascu l ar Vascular Tissue in Vascular Plants – supports plants and carries water and food - - roots, stems, and leaves all contain vascular tissue. Xylem – carries water and nutrients UP from roots to other parts of a plant Phloem – carries food from leaves DOWN to the rest of the plant Duckweed Redwood Tree Cactus Orchid

Nonvascular Plants – Non-vascular anchored in the ground by small, rootlike structures that are not roots. have parts that look like stems, but they are not stems. have small, leaflike structures that are not true leaves - they do not have vascular tissue absorbs water and nutrients from their surroundings food and nutrients travel from cell to cell cannot grow tall moss

Roots Absorb water and nutrients from the soil by their roothairs Are the plant’s anchor Are adapted to the environment and the needs of the plant Taproot – one large root that pushes deep into the soil Fibrous roots – thin, branching roots that form a mat below the surface of the ground – holds the plant in the soil and keeps the soil from washing away Some roots act as food storage structures Taproot - carrots Fibrous roots - grass

Stems Carry water and nutrients just like the roots do Are pipelines between the roots and leaves Provides support for the plants

Leaves Manufacture food by absorbing sunlight – called photosynthesis Chloroplasts contain a green pigment that absorbs the sunlight Leaves absorb carbon dioxide from the air Xylem cells bring water from the roots Why are plant leaves flat?

How do plants grow? Lesson 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZMjBO6A7AE

Photosynthesis

Seedless Plant Reproduction Even though moss is non-vascular and ferns are vascular, they reproduce in similar ways. A zygote is formed after fertilization takes place The zygote becomes a sporophyte Spores are released from the sporophyte Gametophytes grow from spores Female gametophytes produce eggs Male gametophytes produce sperm Male gametophytes travel to female gametophytes either by wind or water so that fertilization can take place

Seed Plant Reproduction - 1 Gymnosperms – produces seeds that are “naked” because they only have a seed coat NOT a fruit. Pollen is produced in male cones. Ovules are produced at the base of the scales in female cones. After fertilization - seeds develop on the scales of the female cone. When the cone matures the scales open and the seeds are released into the wind. If the seed lands in a suitable habitat, a new tree grows.

Seed Plant Reproduction 2 Pistil Angiosperms – flowering plants where the seeds are protected by a fruit Parts of the Flower

Seed Plant Reproduction Pollen is produced on the anthers in fully developed flowers. Wind, or bees and animals, transfer the pollen to the stigma’s sticky surface. A pollen tube develops. The embryo develops in the ovule – the ovule becomes the seed coat, and the ovary becomes the fruit. Humans, animals, wind, and water disperse the seeds so they can grow into new plants.

FUN FACT: Potato Reproduction The easiest way to grow new potatoes is to cut off their “eye” and plant it in the ground. A new plant will form and new potatoes will grow in its root system.

Hydroponic Farming: Farms of the Future No soil – only water and nutrients!! By the way, all three of these pictures were taken in Disney World – EPCOT.