Chapter 16 Section 1 France

What are the Nordic nations? Focus Question What are the Nordic nations?

France France has no problems with national identity Don’t like outsiders Don’t want to be like anyone else France is divided into 4 Regions Northern France Southwest France Mediterranean France Eastern France

Northern France Interior of France Paris Lille Commercial, political, cultural, and economic center of France Center of trade and commerce Lille Coal, textile mills, factories, and other industries

Southwest France Warm air and dry soils Crops Physical Features Grapes Vineyards Bordeaux Physical Features Massif Central and the Alps Covers 1/6 the land

Mediterranean France Known for its Beaches and Tourism Main Crop Known as the French Riviera Best beaches in Europe Warm tropical climates Main Crop Lavender Commerce Contains the largest ports in France Oil Refining plants and Oil Tankers Fishing

East France Rhine Valley Region is known for industry Alsace Lorraine Rhine River Largest and most important water way in France Region is known for industry Textiles Alsace Lorraine Contains Frances largest iron deposits and major ports

France Strong sense of national identity Very unified Cultural Center of France is Paris Art Galleries and Museums Ballets and Operas Post WWII France has had to make changes Trade with outsiders Joined the EU Relations with the U.S. and France are strained.

Germany Section 2

What are the 4 Regions of France? Focus Question What are the 4 Regions of France?

Germany’s Struggle for Unity Berlin wall was built in 1961 103 miles long Separated the west from the east Built by the communist east Remained until 1989 Germany has always had a problem with its national unity

Divided States Germany belonged to the holy Roman Empire When Charlemagne died German states broke up and Germany was formed. Germany united with Austria and Italy to form an Alliance Alliance remained until the 1940’s

Germany declines Triple Alliance lost WWI Germany had to pay the war reparations Had to pay the debt Germanys economy collapsed People begin to starve People loose all hope

Hitler Comes to Power Germany needed a strong leader to get them out of the recession. Hitler came to power in the 1930’s Hitler was a brilliant man, speaker, and strategist Got the people to believe in him Turned against the Jew, Gypsies, and Slavs World War II The world became aware of Hitler's persecution Germany was trying to take over Europe Britain, France, Russia, US stops Germany Post World War II Germany once again has to pay the war debt Germany is outcaste

Physical Characteristics Mild Climate to Humid Continental Rich soils Good for growing crops Deep Harbors and Ports Shipping and exporting is essential to the economy Berlin is the economic center Major banks and business are located here

Natural Resources Cities Rhine and Elba River Coal Iron Lignite Frankfurt- Banking capitol Essen-Industrial capitol Berlin Germany Today Very Prosperous nation Tourist destination Leader of the EU Ranked 5th economically

Benelux Countries Section 3

What was the Berlin Wall? Focus Question What was the Berlin Wall?

Benelux Countries Northern Europe 26.4 Million people Wealthy Region Netherlands Belgium Luxemburg 26.4 Million people Wealthy Region

Netherlands Low wet region 1/3 the country is below sea level Dikes used to keep the water Reclaiming land that was underwater ½ is used for agriculture 16 million people live in the Netherlands Amsterdam is the main city Good ports and Harbors Connections with the rest of Europe

Belgium 30% of the population is French called Walloons 55% of the population is Dutch and called Flemish Walloons vs. Flemish Walloons controlled the government Has strong cultural differences

Luxemburg 900 sq miles Independent for over 1000 years France and Germany protect Luxemburg One of the highest standards of living in Europe Member of the EU Relies on trade and their textiles

Section 4

Which nations made up the Benelux nations? Focus Question Which nations made up the Benelux nations?

Switzerland Made up of French, Germans, and Italians Independent since 1291 1515 the last time they fought a war Became a neutral country Will not fight in war Made up of 26 states (cantons) One of the highest standards of living in the world Have a very prosperous economy Farming: Dairy cattle Trade: They have limited natural resources so they rely on their goods Watches, Chocolate, Medication, Banking Tourism: The Swiss alps

Austria Boarders were created after WWI Very mountainous region 2/3 land Most people live in the east Rely on their trade Chemicals, cattle, textiles, tools Farming Cattle Natural Resources Copper, tin, led, and aluminum Tourism Ski Resorts