What Every Parent Needs to know Dr Nadia Rahman 25th April 2017

Introduction Red Flags – Danger signs When to seek help Infections Common cold Diarrhoea & Vomiting Chicken Pox Croup Meningitis Red Flags – Danger signs When to seek help Where to seek help Prevention of spread

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Infections VIRAL INFECTIONS Gastroenteritis (D&V) Common cold – coughs & runny nose Croup Viral rashes

Red Flags Breathing difficulties (signs) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjDEimKwsJE Dehydrated Constant drowsiness even when fever settled Constant high fevers Non-blanching rash See traffic light table Normal respiratory rates: <1 year: 30-40 breaths per minute. 1-2 years: 25-35 breaths per minute. 2-5 years: 25-30 breaths per minute. 5-12 years: 20-25 breaths per minute. >12 years: 15-20 breaths per minute. Very slow respiratory rates in children suggest imminent respiratory arrest.

When and where to seek help Traffic Light Warning Where to seek help Green signs: Watch and wait at home Simple remedies Chemist Amber signs: GP Walk in centres Red signs: GP / A&E Mum knows best / Home remedies Minor ailment services This means certain pharmacies can supply medicines for certain conditions on the NHS. They can supply medicines for certain conditions and you'll only pay the standard prescription charge. If you're exempt from paying prescription charges – you won't pay for the medicine. Just ask at your local pharmacy.  GP / Walk-in centre Wound care, strains and sprains, minor cuts, infected wounds, long term illness care etc LIFE THREATENING PROBLEMS Accident and Emergency (A&E) Severe head injuries / loss of consciousness, Deep cuts (stitches), foreign bodies, suspected broken bones or heavy blood loss, persistent chest pain or difficulty breathing, overdose or poisoning etc

School exclusion Public Health ENGLAND Illness Time to be kept away from school Shingles Exclude only if rash is weeping and cannot be covered Scabies Return after first treatment Scarlet fever* Return 24 hours after starting appropriate antibiotic treatment Diarrhoea and / or Vomiting 48 hrs from the last episode Impetigo Until lesions crusted, or 48 hrs after starting antibiotic treatment Measles* 4 days from onset of rash Chickenpox* 5 days from the onset of rash Mumps 5 days after onset of swelling Whooping Cough (Pertussis) 5 days from starting antibiotics German measles (rubella)* 6 days from onset of rash Hepatitis A 7 days after onset of jaundice Flu (influenza) Until recovered Meningitis TB Specialist will advise

Prevention - Good Hygiene Handwashing Handwashing is one of the most important ways of controlling the spread of infections, especially those that cause diarrhoea and vomiting, and respiratory disease. The recommended method is the use of liquid soap, warm water and paper towels. Always wash hands after using the toilet, before eating or handling food, and after handling animals. Cover all cuts and abrasions with waterproof dressings. Coughing and sneezing Coughing and sneezing easily spread infections. Children and adults should be encouraged to cover their mouth and nose with a tissue. Wash hands after using or disposing of tissues. Spitting should be discouraged.

resources http://www.nhs.uk/conditions https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/353953/Guidance_ on_infection_control_in_schools_11_Sept.pdf www.patient.co.uk/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjDEimKwsJE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcQGlv0dUOY