Mitosis Biology 1114

Definitions Asexual Reproduction Interphase Asters Karyotype Cell Plate Kinetochore Centrioles Meiosis Centromere Metaphase Chromatid Mitosis Chromatin Ploidy Chromosomes Prophase Diplois S Phase G1 Phase Spindle Fibers G2 Phase Sporophyte Gamete Synapsis Cametophyte Telophase Haploid Zygote

Two Types of Life Forms Unicellular 1. The Invisible World 2. Original Life 3. Found Everywhere 4. Photosynthesis and Decomposition 5. Potentially Immortal Multicellular 1. Communal 2. Growth and Division Necessary

Cell Growth and Division Uses Process of Mitosis Allows for Growth from Infant to Adult Necessary to Replace Worn Tissues Necessary for Generating New Cells Note: Somatic Cells reproduce by mitosis. Sex Cells reproduce by meiosis.

Prokaryotic Cells are Much Simpler in their Organization than are Eukaryotes

Simple Prokaryotic Reproduction Replicates Attaches Separates

Creates Genetic Equals Advantage is that all cells are genetic equals. Disadvantage is that all cells are genetic equals. Binary Fission is Simple Cloning

Celebrity Sheep Has Died at Age 6 Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, was put down by lethal injection Feb. 14, 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis. Although most Finn Dorset sheep live to be 11 to 12 years of age, postmortem examination of Dolly seemed to indicate that, other than her cancer and arthritis, she appeared to be quite normal. The unnamed sheep from which Dolly was cloned had died several years prior to her creation. Dolly was a mother to six lambs, bred the old-fashioned way.

Eukaryotic Cell Divison and Chromatin DNA and Histone Protein Complex Dispersed in the Nucleus Has Ability to Condense

Chromosomes When Chromatin Condenses During Cell Divison It is Referred to as Chromosomes

Human Chromosomes

Human Karyotype

Mitosis A process of forming generally similar daughter cells by replicating and dividing the original chromosomes. Cellular division used by simple organisms. The sequence of DNA replication, growth and cell division that cells go through.

Interphase No Division Occurring Metabolically Active Nucleolus Visible DNA and Organelles Duplicating Nucleus is Intact 90% of Cell’s Time is Spent in Interphase

Prophase Nucleolus Disappears Centrioles Move to Poles Spindle Fibers Form Chromosomes Visible Nuclear Membrane Disappears

Metaphase Shortest Phase Chromosomes Line up in Middle of Cell

Anaphase Chromosomes Separate into Separate Chromatids Begin to Move to Opposite Ends of the Cell

Telophase Chromosomes Arrive at Poles Disappear into Chromatin Spindles Disappear Nuclear Membrane Reappears Nucleolus Reappears

Review

Identify the Following Stage of Mitosis

Identify the Following Stage of Mitosis

Identify the Following Stage of Mitosis

Identify the Following Stage of Mitosis

Identify the Following Stage of Mitosis

Cancer results when normal body cells grow out of control without regulation. They can invade other tissues causing enough damage to kill the host.

Control of Mitosis and Cancer 6.5 Million Cases of cancer in USA Yearly Not all Cancers are Lethal Tumor = Mass of Cancer Cells Benign = Remain Localized Malignant = Escape Site and Spreading Metastasis = Spreading Treatment = Radiation and Chemotherapy

Metastasis

Basal Cell Carcinoma Non-melanoma skin cancers are far more common but less dangerous than malignant melanoma and rarely fatal. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma frequently appear on sun-exposed skin after many years of exposure. This exposure also causes premature ageing of the skin. Non-malignant skin cancers are easily treated by minor surgery. If left, non-melanoma skin cancers will grow and disfigure - therefore early treatment is recommended.

Skin Cancer Malignant melanoma is the rarest, but most serious form. It affects the pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) found in the skin and can appear as a new mole, or arise from an existing mole on the skin. Malignant melanoma has the potential to spread to other sites or organs within the body but is CURABLE if treated early.

Sunshine is the single most important causative factor in all skin cancers.

Skin Cancer

Tobacco is a Carcinogen

Oral Cancer Associated with Tobacco Use

Cigarette smokers, depending on the number of cigarettes smoked have a six-fold increase of dying from oral and pharyngial cancer as a non-smoker Health Canada

Systemic Tumors

Cancer of the Kidney

Brain Cancer