Chapter 1 Designing e-learning

Definition of e-learning E-learning is the use of electronic technologies to create learning experience.

Types of e-learning courses A course with some on-line elements A Hybrid Course A course taught entirely online Identify this in the written part of your project

What is instructional design? includes Goals Teaching strategies Content Technology choices Explain these in the written part of your project

General Steps Identify your main goals (Goals of the course- based on standards, curriculum- ) Analyze learners’ need (what type of students?) Identify what to teach (based on your experience and #1) Set learning objectives (Goals of the lesson- more specific than goals) Identify prerequisites Pick the approach to meet each objective (general approach for each objective (e,g,. Slide 16) Decide the teaching sequence of your objectives Create learning objects to accomplish objectives Create tests Select learning activities Choose media

1- Identify your main goals Types of goals Financial Intellectual (educational) Costumers Employees Operations (improving efficiency) Reputation

2-Analyze learners’ need Motivation for learning Psychomotor skills Attitude and mindset (dispositions) Mental discipline (ability to recognize and respond wisely) Communication skills Social skills Talents and intelligences Media preferences Background knowledge and experience Learning conditions Locus of control Style of prior education Digital fluency Include this in your written part of the project

3-Identify what to teach (Education) Identify essentials (curriculum and standards) Analyze the gap between real and ideal performance (what they need for their future job) - [Design for how People Learn (2012), by Julie Dirksen.] Analyze How people learn (learning theories) Telling Ain't Training 2nd editionBy Harold D. Stolovitch, Erica Keeps Ask “those who should know” (best practices – online resources BUT don’t blindly copy) Analyze critical incidents (academic failures) Don’t let the “content committee” decide (don’t blindly follow them. Rely on your own experience and abilities)

4- Set learning objectives

5- Identify prerequisites

Good Objectives Clear Specific Worthy

Good Bad Objectives Bad -The student will understand the processes of inductive and deductive reasoning Good - The student will listen to several letters read from the editorial page of a newspaper or magazine. He/she will participate in a discussion about the type of logic employed, the effectiveness of the evidence, and the validity of the argument.

Good Bad Objectives Bad - Students have the ability to take new information and break it down into parts to differentiate between them. Good - Students will read a presidential debate and point out the passages that attack a political opponent personally rather than the opponent’s political programs.

Primary and secondary objectives Create (has to be original; not from scratch; could be an object, a concept, a plan) Decide (going beyond following procedures / making judgment or decision based on what is known) Do (performing a procedure without having to make decisions, procedures could be mental or physical) Secondary Know (recall, knowing how to find, knowing how things work) Believe (the learner is convinced that…) Feel (how students will feel about…/ how confident they are)

Question Answering a multiple choice test is a “Know” or a “Decide” objective? Create an account in Weebly. Is this a “Create” or a “Know” objective? 1- Most likely it is know question unless it is clear that the learner has to make a decision based on given info. 2- It is not a create objective because the learner is not doing something new.

6- Pick the approach to meet each objective chapters 2-4 Standalone e-learning Games and simulations Virtual-classroom e-learning Physical-classroom learning Coaching (mentoring-tutoring) Referring to learning resources Searching online resources Interacting with a social network Letting learners find the solution on their own Changing external factors (in some organizations, often, the best way to meet an objective is not learning or information- try to change the rules/standards)- Blending if necessary

7- Decide the teaching sequence of your objectives Bottom up (teach basics first then show the whole picture) Top down (show the whole picture first, then teach details) Sideways (learners choose how to start and continue)

8- Create objects to accomplish objectives A learning object is a chunk of electronic content that can be accessed individually and that completely accomplishes a single learning objective and can prove it.

Features of Learning Objects May contain text, graphics, animation, video, voice, music, and other media Can be accessed individually through a menu, search engine, or just a “next button” Appears to the learner to be separate from other objects Completely accomplishe a single learning objective Contains the means to verify that the objective was met. Can serve multiple purposes and may contain other learning objects. Check the difference between learning objects , learning agents, and modules. Learning objects and modules are the same things. A topic is the lowest-level learning object.

Steps of designing learning objects A- Create Tests B- Select learning activities C. Choose Media

Select learning activities To accomplish learning objectives, we typically require 3 types of learning activities: Absorb Do Connect

Examples of Absorb Presentations Readings Stories by the teacher Field trips

Examples of Do Practice by applying their skills Discovery (experimenting and exploring) Games and simulations ( discovery in a safe environment, gain insight, and confidence)

“Connect” activities Connect what they are learning to their work, their lives, and their prior knowledge

Examples of Connect Ponder (stop and think about the subject more broadly and deeply) Questioning (let learners ask questions and obtain answers to their individual questions) Stories told by students (requires learners to share their experiences) Job aids (checklists, manuals, glossaries, calculators, templates, models) Research (identify learning resources on their own)

C- Choose Media Each object may require a different mix of text, graphics, sound, voice, music, animation, and video. What medium is essential to accomplish my objective? What medium could you not do without?

Compare ADDIE with Horton’s model Analyze Design Develop Build Implement Evaluate Test