The Family Chapter 11.

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Presentation transcript:

The Family Chapter 11

The Family What is a family? What is the role of the family or family members?

Family A family is a group of people linked by blood, marriage, or adoption. Family of orientation…the one we are born into. Family of procreation…the family established by marriage. Marriage… an institutionalized social structure that provides a framework for regulating sexual behavior and childbearing the legal union between two people.

Universal Aspects/Responsibilities of Family Reproduction/population replacement Regulating sexual behavior Caring for dependents Socialization Emotional support and caring

Family Patterns Nuclear family…parents and children Value independence Extended family…a couple and their children live with other relatives in the same household. In-laws Uncle Grandparent

Family Over Life Course Childhood Sheltered time…focus on developmental tasks Adolescence Period of high strain….caught in the middle…little value to society but pressure for future value and independence Adulthood Rites of passage…formal rituals Seeking romance or passing time? Marriage market Middle Ages Busy time…family and role overload 65 and beyond

Marriage

Marriage Arrangements Monogamy…one man, one woman. Most common today Polygamy…married to more than one at a time. Polygyny…man to many women. Legal in parts of India, Africa, and the Middle East. Polyandry…woman to many men.

Why People Get Married Being "in love." Desiring companionship and sex. Wanting to have children. Social pressure. Attempting to escape from their parents' home. Believing they will have greater resources.

Divorce The legal process of dissolving a marriage that allows former spouses to remarry if they so choose. Recent studies have shown that 40%-50% of first marriages end divorce (Kreider 2005) Main reason…Irreconcilable differences

Characteristics of Those Likely to Get Divorced Marriage at an early age. A short acquaintanceship before marriage. Disapproval of the marriage by relatives and friends. Limited economic resources. Having a high-school education or less. Parents who are divorced or have unhappy marriages. The presence of children at the beginning of the marriage. Race/Religion

Family Life

Blended Families Some people become part of blended families, which consist of a husband and wife, children from previous marriages, and children (if any) from the new marriage. The Brady Bunch Represent about 40% of U.S. households. Problems facing blended families: Financial difficulties. Stepchildren antagonism…children do not approve. Unclear roles…stepparents are not sure of their place.

Single Parent Families 1 out of 4 American families is a single parent family. Only 24% of which are headed by males (Pew, 2013) Women are more likely to win custody or are left by husbands. As women become more educated and advance in the workplace, more are choosing to be unwed single parents.

Juggling housework, child care, and a job in the paid work force is all part of the average day for many women. Why does sociologist Arlie Hochschild believe that many women work a “second shift”? p. 331

Single Parenting 25% of white children and 66% of African American children spend part of their childhood in a single parent household (2014). 35% of total child population. Children of single parent households are more likely to be deviant.

Teen Pregnancy The United States has among the highest rates of teen pregnancy in the Western industrialized world but the are declining In 2014 the total number of live births per 1,000 women ages 15 to 19 was 24.2 (CDC).

Primary Reasons for Teen Pregnancy Many sexually active teens don’t use contraceptives. Teenagers may receive little accurate information about the use of contraception. Some teenage males believe females should be responsible for contraception. Some teenagers view pregnancy as a way to gain adult status.

Childless Marriages Historical norms and values viewed women as failing to fulfill their duty as wives if they did not have children. More married women are choosing not to have children: Stigmas are being removed Pursuing careers Now longer THE reason to get married Fear of raising children in immoral world Financial constraints

Dual-Employed Marriages Marriages in which both members work put additional strains on the couple. Women do double duty and work about 15 hours more a week than men Women face role conflict May hurt man’s ego Positive attributes: Provides higher independence for women Provides greater financial stability Greater options for both members Role models for children

Cohabitation Refers to two people who live together, and think of themselves as a couple, without being legally married. A recent study of 11,000 women found that there was a 70% marriage rate for women who remained in a cohabiting relationship for at least 5 years. Of the women in that study who married their partner, 40% became divorced within a 10-year period.

Cohabitation Most who cohabitate are either: Under age 45 and previously married Older individuals who do not want to lose financial benefits by re-marrying Domestic partnerships…a household partnership in which an unmarried couple seeks the same rights and benefits as married, heterosexual couples.

Single Life Career opportunities Excitement and Freedom Individualistic values and independence Economic reasons (can’t afford a family)

Boomerang Kids Young adults who leave home and return or always live with their parents. More than 25% of adults age 18-34 live with their parents. Why? Marrying later Attending school is cheaper High cost of living Failed marriage

Boomerang Kids Problems associated with Boomerang Kids. High costs for parents Parents lose privacy and their own life The kids returning home feel guilt and depression

Families and Violence Although the family is assumed to provide a warm and safe haven, it may sometimes provide for a hostile environment. Family violence occurs at all levels. OJ Simpson Abused his wife Menendez Brothers Abused as children 25% of adults report being abused as children 25% of girls are victims of sexual aggression (not always physical abuse) 10% of boys are victims.

Families and Violence 4 million women are battered by husbands annually. 5 times more likely than males The distribution of men towards women and women towards men is almost equal when it come to physical violence. However, much of the violence conducted by females is in retaliation or self protection. Abuse is not always physical. 9 million children suffer from neglect. The most common form of family violence is between siblings. Abuse of elderly…2.5 million annually.