The 2nd War for Independence- 1812-1824 Chapter 12
US used unwise strategy- should have focused on Montreal More successful on water- Oliver Hazard Perry Napoleon defeated in Europe in 1814- freed up British troops- bad news for US A. On to Canada
B. Washington Burned, New Orleans Defended Fort McHenry defended Baltimore harbor Francis Scott Key – Star Spangled Banner B. Washington Burned, New Orleans Defended
Battle of New Orleans & Andrew Jackson- January, 1815- came late
C. The Treaty of Ghent Britain especially war-weary Both sides agreed to a stalemate treaty No mention of Indians, Impressment Treaty allowed More respect for Americans America to continue developing domestically C. The Treaty of Ghent
D. Federalist Grievances & the Hartford Convention Meeting of NE states at end of war Talk of secession Ready to present plan to Congress as news of treaty & Battle of NO spread Ended the Federalists’ strength D. Federalist Grievances & the Hartford Convention
E. The 2nd War of American Independence American respect Nationalism War heroes Increased American manufacturing E. The 2nd War of American Independence
F. Nascent Nationalism National literature American School Textbooks James Fenimore Cooper Washington Irving American School Textbooks Magazines & Newspapers Art- Hudson River School of Art Showed expanse & resources of nation F. Nascent Nationalism
1st advocated by Pres. Madison in 1815, championed by Rep 1st advocated by Pres. Madison in 1815, championed by Rep. Henry Clay of KY 3 parts Strong banking system Protective tariff- tariff of 1816 (20-25%) Internal improvements- roads, canals Pres. Madison & Monroe rejected federally funded programs Eerie Canal by 1825 National/Cumberland Road by 1838 G. The American System
H. The So-Called Era of Good Feelings James Monroe of VA won election of 1816 “goodwill tour” of 1817 resulted in name Misnamed- sectionalism & other problems Tariff Bank Internal improvements Slavery H. The So-Called Era of Good Feelings
Overspeculation of frontier lands- hurt Bank of US Bank forced “wildcat” banks to call in loans on western farms- foreclosures Attitude of westerners I. The Panic of 1819
J. Growing Pains of the West Rapid western migration cheap land for immigrants Over-cultivation of east Better transportation systems 9 new states by 1819 J. Growing Pains of the West
K. Slavery & Sectional Balance Sectional balance since 1791 (KY & VT) Missouri- 1819- no free state Tallmadege Amdendment- gradual emancipation Slaves in MO would stay that way No new slaves brought in Those born would be emancipated at 21 House passed, Senate rejected K. Slavery & Sectional Balance
L. The Missouri Compromise 1820- Henry Clay Missouri a slave state Maine admitted as a free state Missouri Compromise Line North of 36, 30- no slavery South of 36, 30- slavery allowed (Arkansas Ter.) *applied only to LA Territory* L. The Missouri Compromise
M. John Marshall & Judicial Nationalism McCulloch v. MD (1819)- loose int. Cohens v. VA (1821)- allowed fed. courts to review state decisions Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)- reasserted fed. Govts. right to control interstate comm. Fletcher v. Peck (1810) & Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)- upheld individual property rights Marshall’s decisions guided nation in a conservative direction M. John Marshall & Judicial Nationalism
N. Sharing Oregon Rush-Bagot Agreement Treaty of 1818 (Convention of 1818)- fish & 49, & joint occ. of OR N. Sharing Oregon
Acquiring Florida Jackson in FL (1818)- exceeded orders J.Q. Adams, Sec. of State praised Jackson Treaty of 1819 Spain ceded FL & all claims to OR US gave up claims to TX Formal boundaries for LA Territory Acquiring Florida
O. Menace of Monarchy in America Latin American rebellions Americans feared European takeovers George Canning’s deal (1823) O. Menace of Monarchy in America
P. Monroe’s Doctrine Adams didn’t take Canning’s deal Monroe Doctrine 1823 Noncolonization (Russia) Nonintervention (new SA republics) Made for self-defense Originally not strong Reworded many times P. Monroe’s Doctrine