AIM: Why is the sun an important part of the solar system AIM: Why is the sun an important part of the solar system? DO NOW: Hypothesize: Why do stars twinkle? Name in order the stages of star formation. (Hint: there are three)

Stars twinkle because we are viewing them through thick layers of turbulent (moving) air in the Earth's atmosphere

1. Nebula Turns into a 2. Protostar 3. Turns into a star (Giant)

Betelgeuse is located in the constellation of Orion Betelgeuse is located in the constellation of Orion. It’s diameter is larger than the diameter of Jupiter’s orbit around the Sun.

Stars can eventually collapse when the outer portion explodes called a SUPERNOVA (giant explosion)

Supernovas form neutron stars OR a black holes

A supernova is a giant explosion in which the temperature in the collapsing core reaches 10 billion K and atomic nuclei are split into neutrons and protons. Protons merge with electrons to form neutrons, and the collapsing core becomes a neutron star. A typical neutron star is the size of a major city on Earth, but has a mass greater than the Sun’s.

Hubble Space Telescope image of a neutron star (identified by the arrow) in the direction of the southern constellation Corona Australis. The star has a surface temperature of 1.2 million degrees Fahrenheit, which is far hotter than that of ordinary stars.

region so dense that nothing can escape its gravity, not even light Black hole region so dense that nothing can escape its gravity, not even light Astronomers have identified numerous stellar black hole candidates, and have also found evidence of supermassive black holes at the center of galaxies. In 1998, astronomers found compelling evidence that a supermassive black hole of more than 2 million solar masses is located near the Sagittarius A* region in the center of the Milky Way galaxy. Recent results indicate that the supermassive black hole is more than 4 million solar masses

VIDEO

Simulation of gravitational lensing by a black hole which distorts the image of a galaxy in the background

2. White dwarf giant that lost outer layers Very small, hot star

Nebula Black dwarf Protostar White dwarf Giant Super Giant Life Cycle of a Star Nebula Black dwarf Protostar White dwarf Giant Super Giant (SUPERNOVA) Neutron Star Black Hole

Used by astronomers to locate & name stars constellation Star pattern Used by astronomers to locate & name stars

Instrument used to observe objects in outer space using lenses telescope Instrument used to observe objects in outer space using lenses

S U N Average size and average temperature star Diameter = 870,000 miles Distance to Earth = 93 million miles

Parts of the Sun

Core Center part Source of sun’s energy

Atmosphere 3 layers:

inner layer that gives off light 1. Photosphere inner layer that gives off light

2. Chromosphere = outside photosphere gives off weak red glow

3. Corona outer layer

AIM: How does the appearance of the sun change? DO NOW: Using your notes and last week’s work answer the aim

Cool, darker areas on sun’s surface P O T Cool, darker areas on sun’s surface

Move due to sun’s rotation (spinning) # of sunspots changes in a regular pattern every 11 years

VIDEO

Streams of flaming gas that shoot out from sun’s surface Prominences

Gases near sunspots that shoot out from the sun Solar Flare Gases near sunspots that shoot out from the sun

The Sun uses the process of ____________ to produce light and heat FUSION 4 Hydrogen atoms combine 1He atom + ENERGY

H H He ENERGY + H H

(light & heat)

c = speed of light (300,000 km/s) The amount of energy produced is calculated with Einstein’s equation E = mc2 E = energy m = mass c = speed of light (300,000 km/s)