New Mexico History “This session will be recorded for learning purposes. Learning purposes include: a lesson review for students who are absent, students.

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Presentation transcript:

New Mexico History “This session will be recorded for learning purposes. Learning purposes include: a lesson review for students who are absent, students who want to review for a test, etc.”

objectives Identify and explain characteristics of Early and Modern New Mexican Native Americans

New Mexico – Native American Before the Spanish or any other Europeans stepped foot in the lands of New Mexico… Native Americans made the region their home for centuries. They continued to live on the lands while the Spanish and other European cultures colonized the Americas They have had to endure many political changes and discrimination over the centuries. Less than half of the Native American people living in the Americas prior to colonization survived. Throughout the Americas, some entire groups didn’t survive European settlement. New Mexican lands are still inhabited by many Native Americans and many of their histories and cultural ways have been passed down to current generations The US government has made some efforts to help preserve some of their lands and political independence

Early Native American people c. 200 BC to c. 1200 AD Mogollon - They were farmers who built pueblos on the side of mountains and they were built on the rain side of the mountain for a water supply. They also hunted and gathered wild life and vegetation for survival They lived in the southwest region of NM, in the Mogollon Mountain region Historians think they probably joined the Ancestral Pueblo people or they moved to a different area Unique pottery called Mimbres, baskets and remains of their homes have been found https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mimbres_Bowl_with_fish_DMA_1998-103-FA.jpg

Early Native Americans c. 200 BC to c. 1200 AD Ancestral Puebloan or the Anasazi - Historians think they are the ancestors of some of the modern Pueblo Indians They lived during the same time period as the Mogollon Lived along the San Juan River and in the Four Corners region Built effective irrigation systems – channeled the canyons’ runoff water and redirected to their fields Built pueblo homes to support their growing population Farmed, hunted, and gathered Corn/maize – they ate it as a vegetable and also ground it up to make bread Mystery – Drought, disease, crop failure, or war may have caused the people to not survive in large communities. The survivors may have scattered throughout the Rio Grande Valley

Chaco Canyon Chaco Canyon is in northwest NM in Nageezi, NM The largest and most well known Ancestral Puebloan community (2,000-5,000 people lived there) The largest pueblo is called Pueblo Bonito and there are other pueblos within the canyon which had 600 to 800 rooms. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3349653/Solving-mystery-Chaco-Canyon-houses-Ancient-people-carried-wood-50-miles-build-impressive-settlement.html

The Great North Road A road linking the Chaco Canyon pueblos to other pueblos outside of Chaco Canyon Used for travel and trade – the artifacts found suggest that the road was at least 400 miles and reached other routes connected to the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico

Modern Native Americans The Pueblo People There are 19 Pueblos in New Mexico throughout the Rio Grande Valley. Each of the Pueblos are united by culture and some similarities in language, but historically were separate. Each Pueblo had it’s own government and leaders. Built large multi-story adobe pueblos that housed many people The people hunted animals such as deer, rabbits, and turkeys. They farmed and depended on corn. Corn was eaten as a vegetable but also ground to make bread. They learned to grow corn of all colors! http://www.native-languages.org/houses.htm#pueblo https://www.flickr.com/photos/crowesbythebay/6227765206/?ytcheck=1

Modern Native Americans Apache and Navajo Called themselves Dine Language - Athabascan They both came to NM around 1200 AD from the Canadian region Both warred with Pueblo people at times but also traded during peaceful times Both hunted and gathered from the wilderness in their regions It’s unknown why but they separated into two different groups – the Navajo and the Apache

Modern Native Americans Navajo Lived in the Four Corners Region, between the San Juan and Little Colorado Rivers Today they are the second largest Native American group in the U.S. and their reservation, the Navajo Nation is located in NW NM and the Four Corners region They traded with the Pueblo people The Navajo built hogans or homes made of dirt and wood The Navajo learned farming techniques from the Pueblo They farmed corn, beans, and squash When sheep were introduced to NM, they raised them for their meat and wool They created religious sand paintings Modern Native Americans https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hogan_Navajo.jpg http://kids.britannica.com/elementary/art-87546/A-Navajo-man-creates-a-sand-painting

Modern Native Americans Apache Two main groups Jicarilla –northern mountain NM, west of the Rio Grande River Mescalero –south central NM between Rio Grande and Pecos River They were nomadic and lived in temporary homes (teepees and wickiups) They hunted deer, antelope, rabbit, and buffalo They gathered berries, roots, cactus fruits, and seeds They were not united in a single tribe – They divided into bands of smaller groups Known for being fierce warriors and other Indians were afraid of them When the Spanish introduced horses to them, they became reliant on horses. Modern Native Americans https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Apache_wickiup,_edward_curtis,_1903.jpg http://www.firstpeople.us/american-indian/photographs/storm-apache.html

Modern Native Americans Comanche Great Plains Indians -They lived in eastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, and most of northwest Texas. The Comanche are recognized as the Comanche Nation. They were nomadic and lived in semi- permanent homes, teepees They were divided into bands They hunted and gathered They hunted all types of animals but especially buffalo They gathered various vegetation (seeds, berries, roots, etc) throughout the large region they roamed They also became dependent on horses to make long travels and to hunt http://www.legendsofamerica.com/na-commanche.html http://ore.conroeisd.net/teachers/kwardrup/commanche%20indians

Modern Native Americans’ Regions Navajo Ancestral Puebloan Jicarilla Apache Pueblo People Comanche Mogollon Mescalero Apache

http://www.visitalbuquerque.org/travel-tools/maps/pueblos/

Assignments due this week 2.2 War With Spain and the Rough Riders 2.3 The Path to Statehood for New Mexico 2.4 Native Americans in New Mexico