7th grade STI Sexually Transmitted Infections Patricia Hiner, RN Warren County Schools

Abstinence is the ONLY 100% guaranteed way to avoid HIV/AIDS, STIs, and pregnancy.

Fact or Myth? Warts from a frog? The world is flat.

HIV – Myth or Fact? It is not curable. It is not spread by kissing. It cannot be spread by sharing towels or underwear. People with the HIV virus may look healthy for 10 years before symptoms appear and they may spread the virus even though they look healthy.

The truth about sexually transmitted diseases/infections (STDs/STIs). HIV Facts The truth about sexually transmitted diseases/infections (STDs/STIs). Because HIV/AIDS is serious and potentially life-threatening, you must know the facts. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV, is the virus that causes AIDS.

The truth about sexually transmitted diseases/infections (STDs/STIs). HIV Facts The truth about sexually transmitted diseases/infections (STDs/STIs). HIV is considered a sexually transmitted disease (STD), because one of the ways to get the disease is sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse includes oral, anal, and vaginal intercourse.

HIV Facts - Transmission Is spread through sexual intercourse(oral, anal, and vaginal). Is spread by needle sharing (tattoos, piercings, injecting drugs/steroids) To a baby born to an HIV –infected woman. Through transfusion of infected blood or blood products – very rarely.

HIV Facts – Not Transmitted By: the air or environmental surfaces. If infected blood or body fluids dry on a surface the virus dies. kissing – theoretically possible – no reported cases. saliva, tears, sweat, urine or feces. insects.

HIV Facts Can be prevented by avoiding sexual intercourse and needle sharing. Can be passed from pregnant woman to baby. Risk can be reduced by using a latex condom. Can be detected with testing. Testing can be confidential. Can be fatal.

HIV Facts Most of the people who have HIV became infected through sexual intercourse. The second major cause of HIV infection is needle sharing. You should avoid contact with blood or other body fluids that contain blood cells: Semen Vaginal secretions Breast milk

HIV Facts Mosquitoes do not transmit HIV. There are many theories regarding the origin of HIV, but no one knows for sure. Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes HIV infection, which has no symptoms at first, but eventually leads to symptoms of illness and AIDS. AIDS is the last stage of the disease process.

HIV Facts HIV is almost entirely preventable, because we know how it is transmitted and which behaviors lead to HIV infection. Behaviors that would stop HIV transmission are Abstinence from sexual intercourse. Abstinence from needle sharing. Reliable internet resources for more information on HIV/AIDS and STI end in .edu or .gov or speak to a medical professional.

A Healthy Choice By choosing a healthy lifestyle – choosing to abstain from needle sharing and sexual intercourse – you can help prevent the spread of this disease. Choosing a healthy lifestyle also means abstaining from alcohol and other drugs that interferes with your ability to make wise decisions. Abstaining from drugs and alcohol increases the likelihood that you will keep your commitments.

A Healthy Choice The only way to be 100% sure you will not get HIV: Abstinence from Sexual Intercourse Abstinence from sharing needles Avoiding other peoples blood

HIV causes HIV infection. Review HIV causes HIV infection. Most people with HIV became infected through sexual intercourse. The 2nd most common way of becoming infected with HIV is needle sharing. A person with HIV can live a long time.

Review People with HIV can infect others, even though they look healthy. There is no known cure for HIV. Using drugs and alcohol interfere with your ability to keep your commitments. Sites that end in .gov or .edu are reliable resources for more information on HIV/AIDS and STIs.

Other STIs Chlamydia HPV (Genital warts) Herpes Gonorrhea Hepatitis B – preventable by vaccination Syphilis If it starts with “H” there is NO cure!

There are 2 ways you can get an STI Body Fluids Skin to Skin Blood Shedding dead skin cells through friction Semen Hand in the genital area Vaginal Secretions Body against Body (Oral sex, Anal sex, Sexual Intercourse)

Bacterial Infections

Chlamydia (The Silent Disease) Frequently leads to sterility if left untreated May not show early symptoms Is curable with antibiotics Can be cured, but a person can be re-infected if he or she has sexual intercourse with an infected person

Chlamydia — Rates of Reported Cases by State, United States and Outlying Areas, 2015

Chlamydia — Rates of Reported Cases Among Women Aged 15–24 Years by State, United States and Outlying Areas, 2015

Chlamydia — Rates of Reported Cases Among Men Aged 15–24 Years by State, United States and Outlying Areas, 2015

Gonorrhea May lead to sterility May not show early symptoms Is curable with antibiotics Can be cured, but a person can be re-infected if he or she has sexual intercourse with and infected person

Gonorrhea — Rates of Reported Cases by State, United States and Outlying Areas, 2015

Gonorrhea — Rates of Reported Cases Among Women Aged 15–24 Years by State, United States and Outlying Areas, 2015

Gonorrhea — Rates of Reported Cases Among Men Aged 15–24 Years by State, United States and Outlying Areas, 2015

Syphilis Is characterized by the presence of a sore, usually painless, and/or a variety of rashes. Is spread if the sore or rash is touched, even if the contact is not with genitals. May not be noticed because the sore or rash may be in an area that is not easy to see.

Is curable with antibiotics Syphilis Is not cured without treatment, even though the sore and the rashes will go away on their own Is curable with antibiotics Can be cured, but a person can be reinfected if he or she has sexual intercourse with an infected person

Primary and Secondary Syphilis — Rates of Reported Cases by State, United States and Outlying Areas, 2015

How are Bacterial Infections Diagnosed Local health departments offer confidential and free testing and treatment for STD’s A sample of the discharge from the penis or vagina is taken during an examination. The examination includes a pelvic exam for a girl and a visual examination of the genitalia for a boy.

Viral Infections There is NO cure for a VIRUS

HPV – Genital Warts No Cure—There is a vaccine that may prevent 4 of the most cancer causing forms of this virus Can be removed by a doctor but they will come back. This group of viruses can be present with or without the presence of genital warts. This group of viruses are associated with various cancers. Cervical cancer and other, less common but serious cancers, including cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx (back of throat including base of tongue and tonsils).

Genital Warts — Initial Visits to Physicians’ Offices, United States, 1966–2014

Is spread by genital or mouth contact with sores Is often not visible Herpes Is spread by genital or mouth contact with sores Is often not visible There is NO cure Symptoms are treatable, but they usually return periodically

Genital Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections — Initial Visits to Physicians’ Offices, United States, 1966–2014

Is transmitted by blood to blood contact. Hepatitis B Is transmitted by blood to blood contact. Affects the liver and can not be cured It is the only STD that can be prevented 100% by getting vaccinated.

How long before you know if you have HIV or other STD’s Antibody tests or blood tests are done through confidential and anonymous testing, free of charge at most local health departments. Confidential testing means that the medical person who gives the test tells no one the results of the test, except the person being tested Anonymous testing is when the person getting tested gives a code name or number, instead of his or her real name.

Places to look for more information about STI’s and HIV www.cdc.gov Web sites ending .gov or .edu Health professional –Nurses and Doctors Local counseling agencies or organizations like the health department that give information about HIV and STI’s

There is only one 100% way to prevent an STD Abstinence

Be an advocate for the prevention of HIV and STIs. What Else Can You Do? Be an advocate for the prevention of HIV and STIs. Take a clear stand to promote healthy lifestyles. Know the facts. Know your audience. Demonstrate your convictions. Encourage others to choose healthy lifestyles.