What does this image suggest about conditions on the Reservations?

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Presentation transcript:

What does this image suggest about conditions on the Reservations? “If they are hungry let them eat grass, or their own dung”

Sand Creek massacre https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qlb-o-eBc4Y

To explain the key Plains wars 1862 – 68 The Plains Wars To identify the reasons why the Native Americans and the Whites went to war in the 1860s (incl. Reservation conditions) To explain the key Plains wars 1862 – 68 To evaluate the consequences of the Plains Wars for the whites and Native Americans

What were the Plains Wars? First Fort Laramie Treaty - 1851 Little Crow’s War 1860-61 Massacre at Sand Creek – 1864 Red Cloud’s war / Fetterman Massacre 1866-7 Second Fort Laramie Treaty 1868 The Battle of Little Bighorn – 1876 1890 – Wounded Knee After each ‘war’ a new treaty was drawn up and the Indians inevitably lost land

Your Task Use the information from the green book (84 – 89) and white book (128 – 131) to consider the key events of; Little Crow’s War 1860-61 Massacre at Sand Creek – 1864 Red Cloud’s war / Fetterman Massacre 1866-7 Causes, what happened, consequences (what did the Indians lose, what did the settlers gain)?

Little Crow’s War Little Crow = Chief of the Santee Sioux War = revolt against poor reservation conditions, 12,000 face starvation. 1862 in desperation Sioux attack white traders and settlers. 20 men killed, 10 women and children captured. Results? Moved to a smaller reservation with even worse conditions, first winter several hundred died.

Cheyenne uprising and the Sand Creek Massacre 1864 Black Kettle = chief . Reservation land in Colorado dry and infertile = impossible to survive. Attacked wagon trains and steal food. Army mounts attack and wipes out peace party sent to negotiate. Colonel Chivington then attacks Black Kettles camp at Sand Creek. American flag and white flag ignored. Hundreds killed, scalps shown to theatre audiences. News not welcomed in the East, Chivington left army.

Violent consequences Sioux, Arapaho, Kiowa and Comanche join forces. 1867 – Medicine Lodge Creek peace treaty signed, some make peace. Red Cloud of Oglala Sioux would not admit defeat.

Red Cloud’s War Gold discovered in Montana, trails pass through Sioux hunting grounds. Attack travellers – peace talks but protective forts built, Red Cloud not happy. 1866 – Fetterman Massacre (soldiers sent to protect those building forts). Withdrew, forts abandoned.

How might attitudes to the Plains Indians change during this time period? Humanitarians (mainly in the East) - should live with the Native Americans but be stripped of their culture Exterminators (mainly the army/ settlers in West) believed they should be destroyed