Definitions of concepts Lecture Overview The Past The Future Definitions of concepts Governmental vs. scientific

History of Racism in Canada Why learn about the history of racialized groups? Stephan & Stephan 02 Cultural Circles Exercise Similar to Qs: Why learn about own culture?

Aboriginals Stereotypes of them Practices toward them As inferior, incapable Practices toward them Indian Act & other practices engaged in Forcible assimilation, Segregation (prohibited from leaving reserves w/out a pass, prohibited from land ownership) Cultural suppression (prevented from celebrating ceremonial events, determined who was an Indian) Sent children residential schools run by missionaries No right to vote

African Canadians Slavery Practices Segregation From Schools, churches, restaurants, hospitals, public transport Residentially: via deeds, leases Restricted to menial, low-paying, exhausting labour

Recruited labour from China, subject to poor working conditions Chinese Canadians Recruited labour from China, subject to poor working conditions Were seen as threat after completing contract work, Limits on Chinese immigration Head tax imposition No voting rights Limited ability to own property, run business, enter certain professions & employ people

Sent to relocation/detention camps Other VM Canadians Japanese Canadians Sent to relocation/detention camps Stripped of property, businesses & savings After war, asked to disperse/repatriate to Japan South Asian Canadians Laws controlled their economic & social mobility Immigration laws Vancouver incident

Prevented from immigration during Nazi persecution Jewish Canadians Prevented from immigration during Nazi persecution Legally prevented from Staying in Hotel/resorts Owning, living, buying property, being sold property to

Canadian Population in 2017 19-23% of Canadians will be VM Why? Immigration Immigrants will be 22% of pop’n Higher fertility of VM Younger age structure of VM

Canadian Population in 2017 Who? Equal proportions of S. Asian & Chinese, next highest is Black Where? 75% of VM will be living in TO, Vancouver, Montreal More than 50% of SA & 40% of Chinese in Canada will live in TO Of the VMs in Montreal, 27% will be Blacks & 19% will be Arab

Implications of Forecasts By VM group By VM & geographic region For… Recruitment Community Services Service Industries What else?

An old classification system based on What is Race An old classification system based on Skin colour Bodily features Accent/speech Name Clothing/grooming Diet Beliefs/practices Leisure preferences Place of origin Citizenship

Lack of scientific evidence for racial classification system What is Race Lack of scientific evidence for racial classification system Differences within races on important characteristics are greater than those between races E.g., Spread vs. overlap of distributions

Difference between race &…. What is not Race? Difference between race &…. Gender Psychological characteristics (e.g., individualism) Use test of overlap vs. spread of differences Social belief in existence of race has persisted despite lack of scientific proof Similar to people’s lay theories of disease Implications?

Prejudice Discrimination Stereotype Stephan & Stephan 02

What is discrimination? Unequal treatment or behavior toward members of different groups (Stephan & Stephan 02) Distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on group membership impairing human rights (Human rights doc) Impose burdens not imposed on others Withhold or limit access to benefits available to others

Indicators of Discrimination Individual E.g., behaviors like different performance ratings for members of different groups all else being equal Institutional Policies, practices, procedures that disadvantage members of some groups Unequal representation in upper & middle layers of administration, economic & media institutions Compare with Brief et al

Indicators of Discrimination Societal Group differences in Poverty Imprisonment Access to employment, housing, healthcare

Prejudice Discrimination Stereotype Stephan & Stephan 02

What is racism/prejudice? Negative attitudes Negative evaluations & feelings E.g., Evaluations: They are bad… Feelings: I hate.. Stephan & Stephan 02 Compare w/Human Rights doc definitions Racism vs. prejudice has notion of power Sociologically based

Associating members of certain groups with certain characteristics What are stereotypes Associating members of certain groups with certain characteristics E.g., Perceived to be alike in some way (i.e. have similar traits) E.g., Most Asians are “smart”, “geeky”, “have similar eye size” Can be positive or negative Can be true/false of group &/ individual Implications for functionality Stephan & Stephan 02

What are not stereotypes Discrimination Behavior vs. thoughts Psychologically demonstrated characteristics e.g., collectivism Asians score higher (in general) on collectivism, Any single Asian may not score higher than a non-Asian on collectivism Scores on collectivism can be reliably measured Scores on collectivism are related to important other characteristics

Prejudice Stereotypes Negative Feelings Negative Thoughts Negative Associations Stereotypes Positive Associations

A brief history of visible minority groups in Canada Today’s learning A brief history of visible minority groups in Canada Paper topic: What role does understanding the history of VM groups play in diversity mgt? What will be the nature of Canada’s population? Compare & contrast the concepts of Race Stereotyping Prejudice Discrimination