Constellations Astronomy: A pattern of stars Astrology

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Presentation transcript:

Constellations Astronomy: A pattern of stars Astrology 6000 visible stars No physical proximity The sky appears as 2-dimensional Astrology Origins of many cultures Storytelling / folklore Seasonal Events: planting, harvest, floods, drought, religious/cultural events Pre-dates calendars 88 Constellations – North & South Hemispheres

Orion in 3-D

Orion: The Hunter

Orion: The Hunter Due South @ 9 pm tonight Betelgeuse, Rigel, The Orion Nubula (Orion’s Sword) Orion stands by the river Eridanus accompanied by his faithful dogs, Canis Major and Canis Minor, hunting various celestial animals, including Lepus, the hare, and Taurus, the bull. Orion was in love with Merope, one of the Seven Sisters who form the Pleiades, but Merope would have nothing to do with him. Orion's tragic life ended when he stepped on Scorpius, the scorpion. The gods felt sorry for him, so they put him and his dogs in the sky as constellations and all of the animals he hunted up there near him. Scorpius, however, was placed on the opposite side of the sky so Orion would never be hurt by it again.

Celestial Coordinates: Extension of the Earth’s Coordinates FIXED positions North celestial pole (known as “Polaris”) South celestial pole Celestial equator

Right Ascension & Declination Analogous to Longitude and Latitude Right Ascension (RA) measured Eastward in hours and minutes from the position of the sun at vernal the equinox (Spring). 360o / 24hr = 15o / hr Declination (dec) measured in degrees north or south above the celestial equator.

Horizon System: Sky Coordinates Zenith: point directly overhead at any time Horizon: the lowest point you can see (the ground) Meridian: N / S line dividing the sky into E - W Altitude: angular distance above horizon Azimuth: compass direction North = 0o East = 90o South = 180o West = 270o Altitude = 60o Azimuth = 135o Nadir: directly downward

Daily or diurnal motion - Apparent westward motion of sun, moon, planets, stars in the sky Earth rotates on its own axis every 24 hours in an EASTWARD direction (from above counter clockwise) To us, it appears as if objects in the sky are moving WESTWARD— Sun rises in the E Sun sets in W

Check your knowledge-- The position of Polaris, the “North Star”, in the night sky in the United States: (a) is always directly overhead (b) is always near the horizon (c) is at 23.5 degrees from the horizon (d) depends on your location ANSWER: (d)

The background stars move 1o westward per day resulting in the same star rising 4 minutes earlier each day.

As Earth orbits our Sun, different constellations are visible at different times of the year.

Position of sunrise and sunset changes due to the orientation of the Earth with the Sun Sun rises North of East in Summer Sun sets North of West in Summer Sun sets South of East in Winter Sun sets South of West in Winter

Using the Planisphere Location of stars and constellations in the sky Constellations in the zodiac The ecliptic (path of the sun) and celestial equator Position (azimuth) and time of sunrise and sunset Location & visibility of planets