“CLIMATE SERVICES IN MYANMAR” DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY AND HYDROOGY Thirteenth Session of the Forum on Regional Climate Monitoring, Assessment and Prediction for Asia (FOCRAII) Beijing, China (24th to 26th April, 2017) “CLIMATE SERVICES IN MYANMAR” PRESENTED BY MS. HAN SWE STAFF OFFICER DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY AND HYDROOGY MYANMAR

CONTENTS Introduction Current Prediction System Climate Monitoring in Myanmar Monsoon Forum in Myanmar Conclusion

MYANMAR Introduction Location Lat: 9 ° 30’ N & 28° 30’ N DMH NAY PYI TAW Location Lat: 9 ° 30’ N & 28° 30’ N Long: 92° 10’ E & 101° 11’ E Area : 678,528 sq km Coastal Length : 2287 km

(1) Summer season (March to April) (2) Rainy season (May to October ) CLIMATE OF MYANMAR Three seasons (1) Summer season (March to April) (2) Rainy season (May to October ) (3) Winter season ( November to February) Annual Rainfall Central Myanmar : < 750 mm (30 inches) Coastal Region : 5000 mm (~ 200 inches) Mean Maximum Temperature Central Myanmar : 40 °C (104 °F) [ March & April ] Mean Minimum Temperature Northern Myanmar : 0 °C-10 °C ( 32 °F-50 °F) [ Jan & Feb ] NE MONSOON SW MONSOON

Annual Rainfall and Mean Temperature for Myanmar Annual Mean Temperature

Squalls& Thunderstorm Meteorological/Hydrological Hazard Calendar Hazards Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Cyclone High Temperature Low Temperature Drought Squalls& Thunderstorm Flood Heavy Rain Monsoon Depression Hail 1

Current Prediction System 10-Days/Monthly/ Seasonal Forecast Analogue Method (El-Nino/La-Nina) Analysis Weather Condition In Selected Analogue Year based on observation data Analysis and Forecast From Other National Met. Centers (WMO_LC, APEC, BCC, NOAA, JMA, CPC, etc) Based on Weather Condition and forecast output CPT Tools/ TCC Guidance Tools/NWP Consensus Outlook from SASCOF & ASEAN COF Analysis and Discussion Public, TV, Website, Radio, Newspaper, Media Final Long Range Forecast (issue/ Dissemination System) Higher Authorities/ Stake holders

Climate Information Timeline For Medium/Long Range Forecast Type of Forecast Time of Issuance Forecast Validity (10)Day Weather Forecast Every Month of 8/18/28 (10)Days Monthly Weather Forecast Every Month of 28 (1) Month General Weather Outlook for Rainy Season April 28 Southwest Monsoon Season General Weather Outlook for Winter Season October 28 Northeast Monsoon Season Early Monsoon Season Establishment of SW Monsoon over Myanmar to 30th June Mid Monsoon Season June 28 July and August Late Monsoon Season 1st Sep to the date of Monsoon withdrawal from the Whole Country

Forecast Dissemination System Radio Newspaper Local Met. Office TV Higher Authority Local Authority Public Public Public www.dmh.gov.mm Facebook Padoukmaya service

Agro-Met Bulletin Farmer Channel TV Journals

Forecast Application for Risk Management in Agriculture (FARM) School Hmawbi Hpa-an N Yayzin Falam Kyemon Longlon Laydatpyin Aunglan Taungdwingyi Hlaingdat Longyaw Tatkone Heho Myaungmya Tagondine Mudon Taunggoat Yangon TOT has done and applied Trainers in Nyaung OO and Moywa within the area of Dry Zone

Specialized Expert System for Agro Meteorological Eearly-warning(SESAME)

Sample Decadal Agro-Met Bulletin

Climate Monitoring in Myanmar

Changes of Monsoon climate in Myanmar

2016 Recorded Maximum Temp; El-Nino Relationship Seasonal Climate 2016 Recorded Maximum Temp; No March April May 1 Dawei Sagaing Homalin 2 Myeik Heho Namsam 3 Phyu 4 Moekok Nyaunglaybin 5 Meiktila Naypyitaw(Ela) 6 Kyaukse Taungoo 7 Myingyan Gyopingauk 8 Yamethin Zalun 9 Tatkon Loikaw 10 Chauk Bawlake 11 Taungdwingyi Mawlamyine 12 Magway 13 Aunglan 14 Kawthaung 15 16 Tharrawady 17 18 Bilin 19 Observed new recorded maximum temperature in the whole country(35 stns) due to strong El Nino event. Increase frequency of extreme weather events(eg. Strong wind, hail, lighting & thunder) in pre monsoon(Mar to Mid-May) due to strong convective activities.

Climate Projection for Myanmar

National Monsoon Forum in Myanmar has been conducted twice a year in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods since 2007 and we are now in the Seventeenth. Regional Monsoon Forum in Myanmar 4 times in Ayeyarwady Region(started from 2013 to 2016) 2 times in Yangon, Mandalay Regions, Rakhine and Shan States(started from 2016) One time in Mon and Kayin states

www.dmh.gov.mm

Our Needs: To establish Climate Model for Monthly and Seasonal Forecast To develop man power & IT specialists To do professional research activity for Climate and Climate Change

CONCLUSION Our DMH In Myanmar is striving to improve public weather services based on the objectives of our Department is strengthening its services to provide users need to improve capacity building for long-rage forecast In Myanmar Rainfall variability including erratic and record-breaking intense rainfall events decrease in the duration of the south west monsoon seasons as a result of a late monsoon onset and early monsoon withdrawal Increase occurrence and severity of extreme weather events