TESTING OF CEMENTS Field testing Standard consistency test

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TESTING OF CEMENTS Field testing Standard consistency test Fineness test Soundness test Strength test

FIELD TESTING TEST Open the bag and take a good look at the cement, then it should not contain any visible lumps. Colour of cement should be greenish grey. Should get cool feeling when thrusted. When we touch the cement, it should give a smooth &not a gritty feeling. When we throw the cement on a bucket full of water before it sinks the particles should flow. When we make a stiff paste of cement & cut it with sharp edges & kept on a glass plate under water there wont be any disturbance to the shape& should get strength after 24hours.

STANDARD CONSISTENCY TEST The standard consistency of a cement paste is defined as that consistency which will permit a Vicat plunger having 10 mm diameter and 50 mm length to penetrate to a depth of 33-35 mm from the top of the mould. USE: Used to find out the percentage of water required to produce a cement paste of standard consistency. This is also called normal consistency (CPNC).

PROCEDURE

PROCEDURE For first trial, take about 500gms of cement & water of 24%by weight of cement. Fill it in Vicat’s mould with in 3-5min. After filling, shake the mould to expel air. A standard plunger, 10 mm diameter, 50 mm long is attached and brought down to touch the surface of the paste and quickly released. Note the reading according to depth of penetration of the plunger. Conduct trials continuously by taking different water cement ratios till the plunger penetrates for a depth of 33-35mm from top. This particular percentage is known as percentage of water required to produce cement paste of standard consistency. This is usually denoted as ‘P’.

SETTING TIME TEST An arbitraty division has been made for the setting time of cement. Initial setting time & Final setting time.

INITIAL SETTING TIME The time elapsed between the moment that the water is added to the cement, to the time that the paste starts losing its plasticity. Normally a minimum of 30min has maintained for mixing & handling operations. It should not be less than 30min.

FINAL SETTING TIME The time elapsed between the moment the water is added to the cement, and the time when the paste has completely lost its plasticity and has attained sufficient firmness to resist certain definite pressure. It should not exceed 10hours. So that it is avoided from least vulnerable to damages from external activities.

SIEVE TEST PROCEDURE: Take correctly 100grams of cement on a standard IS sieve No.9 Break down the air-set lumps & sieve it &weigh it. This weight shall not exceed 10% for ordinary cement. Sieve test is rarely used.

SOUNDNESS TEST It is very important that the cement after setting shall not undergo any appreciable change of volume. This test is to ensure that the cement does not show any subsequent expansions. The unsoundness in cement is due to the presence of excess of lime combined with acidic oxide at the kiln. This is due to high proportion of magnesia & calcium sulphate. Therefore magnesia content in cement is limited to 6%. Gypsum 3-5.

STRENGTH TEST This is the most important of all properties of hardened cement. Due to excessive shrinkage and cracking the strength tests are not made on heat cement paste. Standard sand is used for finding the strength of cement.