Kinematic viscosity measurements Serina Ng 11.05.2016

What is the setup? Marking 1 Marking 2 Narrow constriction Appropriate measuring range = 0.8 -3.2 mm2/s Storage area Canon Fenske routine Viscometer

Measured values Capillary viscosities of: Deionised water and pore solution Fillers in deionised water Fillers in pore solution Fillers with SXN in pore solution T3 as an example in deionised water Only SXN in deionised water Formulations based on same recipe as that used for Zeta potential measurements

Methodology SXN (when needed) was dispersed in solution prior to addition of filler Fillers was added to prepared solution Sample was filtered using filter paper Solution was employed to pre wash the viscometer before filling up Each sample was measured twice For accuracy, new preparation where measurements was repeated twice again For pore solution preparation: 700 g cement was added to 350 g water over 1 min and stirred for another From which, four 50mL centrifuge tubes were filled with paste Centrifuge at 4,000 rpm for 5 min Supernatant filtered before usage

Results – Pore solution versus deionised water (pure)

Results – Fillers in deionised water Δ = 0.6% Δ = 0.5% Δ = 0.14% Δ = 0.1%

Results – Fillers in pore solution Δ = 0.6% Δ = 0.5% Δ = 0.2% Δ = 0.2% Δ = 0.1%

Results – Comparison between in DI and PS (w/o SXN)

Results – in PS, with 0.2%SXN Δ = 0.5% Δ = 0.4%

Results – in PS, with 1% SXN Δ = -2.6%

Results – Comparison on effect of SXN in PS Δ = 36% Δ = 25% Δ = 5% Δ = 6% Δ = 6%

Results – in DI water, no filler versus with T3

Short summary + outlook Change in following factors affect viscosity: Medium (DI to PS): increase viscosity but no effect on filler systems SXN dosage: large, but only significant at higher dosages Filler: T5 > T4 > T3 Dispersion of T5 very high at 1% SXN  could contribute to deviation in trend Measure the viscosity of SXN in pore solution only Measure the same trend for T4 and T5 in the deionised water to better determine the effect in the interaction between fillers and electrolytes in solution Test an alternative PCE/ SP Test on 'actual' fillers from project

Based on calculations using specific SA.