9.2 Solution Stoichiometry

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Presentation transcript:

9.2 Solution Stoichiometry Learning Goals … … determine the concentration of ions in a solution … use Stoichiometry to find the minimum volume required to precipitate an ion … use Stoichiometry to find the mass of a precipitate when two aqueous solutions are mixed

CONCENTRATION OF IONS Ex. If the following solutions are mixed together, calculate the concentration of Mg2+, Cl-, and S2- in the mixture. 100 mL of 0.50 mol/L Magnesium chloride 200 mL of 0.75 mol/L Magnesium sulfide 100 mL of water Concentration of mixture = total moles of ion total volume of mixture

C = 0.5 mol/L  n = CxV  C = 0.75 mol/L n = CxV = 0.05 mol 0.05 mol V = 0.100L C = 0.5 mol/L  MgCl2(aq)  Mg2+ (aq) + 2 Cl- (aq) n = CxV = 0.05 mol 0.05 mol 0.10 mol Mg2+ Cl- Cl- V = 0.200L C = 0.75 mol/L  MgS(aq)  Mg2+ (aq) + S2- (aq) n = CxV = 0.15 mol 0.15 mol 0.15 mol Mg2+ S2-

  +  +  V = 0.100L Cmixture = nT n = 0 mol VT H2O [Mg2+] = 0.05 mol + 0.15 mol 0.400 L = 0.50 mol/L  +  +  [Cl-] = 0.10 mol 0.400 L = 0.25 mol/L Cl- Mg2+ [S2-] = 0.15 mol 0.400 L = 0.38 mol/L [Mg2+] is 0.50 M, [Cl-] is 0.25 M and [S2-] is 0.50 M S2- V = 0.400L

What is the minimum volume of 0 What is the minimum volume of 0.25 mol/L magnesium chloride, MgCl2 (aq), needed to precipitate all the silver ions in 60 mL of 0.30 mol/L silver nitrate, AgNO3 (aq)? MgCl2 (aq) + 2AgNO3 (aq)  2AgCl(s) + Mg(NO3)2 (aq) 2x1 n C V 0.0090 mol 0.018 mol n = CxV 0.25 mol/L 0.30 mol/L 0.036 L 0.060L V = n/C the volume of MgCl2 needed is 36 mL.

Calculate the mass of silver chromate that forms when 50. 0 mL of 0 Calculate the mass of silver chromate that forms when 50.0 mL of 0.100 mol/L silver nitrate reacts with 25.0 mL of 0.150 mol/L sodium chromate. 2AgNO3 (aq) + Na2CrO4 (aq)  Ag2CrO4 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq) 2x1 n C V m M LR 0.005 mol 0.00375 mol 0.00250 mol 0.100 mol/L 0.150 mol/L 0.050 L 0.025L 0.829 g m = nxM 331.7 g/mol 0.0025 mol 0.00375 mol n = CxV the mass of Ag2CrO4 that will form is 0.829 g.

HOMEWORK CAN I … … determine the concentration of ions in a solution … use Stoichiometry to find the minimum volume required to precipitate an ion … use Stoichiometry to find the mass of a precipitate when two aqueous solutions are mixed HOMEWORK p421 #1-10