Lab Skills and Chemical Analysis S3 UNIT 1 Lab Skills and Chemical Analysis Metric System

Metric System Context for learning: For the majority of recorded human history, units like the weight of a grain or the length of a hand weren’t exact and varied from place to place. Now, consistent measurements are such an integral part of our daily lives that it’s hard to appreciate what a major accomplishment for humanity they’ve been. Learning Intentions (WALT): We are learning to: Understand the decimal measuring system based on the metre, litre, and gram as units of length, capacity, and mass. Appreciate the international importance of the system which was first proposed by the French astronomer and mathematician Gabriel Mouton (1618–94) in 1670 and was standardized in Republican France in the 1790s Extension Compare and contrast metric system with imperial system/customary system (U.S.A). Success Criteria(WILF): What I’m looking for: Be able to identify the main metric units of measure Converting within the Metric System Perform arithmetic calculations on metric units of length, mass, and volume. Using Metric Conversions to Solve Problems Solve application problems involving metric units of length, mass, and volume. Extension Form an opinion on whether the U.S.A should convert to the metric system. Write a discursive essay on the topic.

New words Meaning GLOSSARY Metrology the science that deals with measurement. Measure to determine the dimension, quantity or capacity of something. Metric System the decimal measuring system based on the metre, litre, and gram as units of length, capacity, and weight or mass. The system was first proposed by the French astronomer and mathematician Gabriel Mouton (1618–94) in 1670 and was standardized in Republican France in the 1790s. Metric Prefix A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or fraction of the unit. Imperial System Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of units, first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824. Imperial units are not used in the United States. However the U.S. system of units is similar to the Imperial system which was used officially in the United Kingdom until 1995. Customary The customary measurement system is the system of measurement in the United States. This system measures length in inches, feet, yards, and miles; capacity in cups, pints, quarts, and gallons; weight in ounces, pounds, and tons; and temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.

Why the metric system matters

Metrology The Science of Measurement This is set up to be an interactive presentation. There are suggested points in the presentation to engage the crowd with questions, I suggest giving mini candy bars for rewards for participation. Keep attention and energy level high.

Let’s take a trip back in time… NCSL INTERNATIONAL SERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT

Prehistoric people didn’t have time to measure NCSL INTERNATIONAL SERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT

But over time….people started growing food NCSL INTERNATIONAL SERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT

and developing permanent settlements NCSL INTERNATIONAL SERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT

So, they needed a system of measurement… or there would be mayhem! NCSL INTERNATIONAL SERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT

History of Measurement Quiz crowd to guess time of first standard, maybe give definition of standard NCSL INTERNATIONAL SERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT

Egyptian Cubit Used to build pyramids Dependent on the pharaoh Missed calibration was punishable by death! cubit noun an ancient measure of length, approximately equal to the length of a forearm. It was typically about 18 inches or 44 cm, though there was a long cubit of about 21 inches or 52 cm. NCSL INTERNATIONAL SERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT

Fast-forward 5000 years to current measurement systems NCSL INTERNATIONAL SERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT

Metric System (SI) SEVEN BASE UNITS International System Mass Kilogram (kg) Length Meter (m) Time Second (s) Temperature Kelvin (K) Electric Current Ampere (A) Amount of Substance Mole (mol) Luminous Intensity Candela (cd) International System of Measurement Quiz crowd to name all base units NCSL INTERNATIONAL SERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT

Metric System (SI) Simple to use Bases of ten All other units derived from primary seven For example: V = cm3 = 1 mL Maybe quiz crowd about benefits of using metric system NCSL INTERNATIONAL SERVING THE WORLD OF MEASUREMENT

Why Kilogram instead of gram?

Prefix Meaning Length Mass Capacity Kilo - Thousand (1000) kilometre kilogram kilolitre Hecto - Hundred (100) hectometre hectogram hectolitre Decka - Ten (10) deckametre deckagram deckalitre *base unit One (1) metre gram litre Deci - Tenths (0.1) decimetre decigram decilitre Centi - Hundredths (0.01) centimetre centigram centilitre Milli - Thousandths (0.001) millimetre milligram millilitre

mm cm m km Convert 12 metres to centimetres = 1 200 cm Divide by 10 Divide by 100 Divide by 1000 mm cm m km Multiply by 10 Multiply by 100 Multiply by 1000 Convert 12 metres to centimetres Convert 3 kilometres to millimetres Convert 1.75 metres to millimetres = 1 200 cm = 3 000 000 mm = 1 750 mm

mg g kg Convert 350 grams to kilograms Divide by 1000 Divide by 1000 mg g kg Multiply by 1000 Multiply by 1000 Convert 350 grams to kilograms Convert 4 400 000 milligrams to kilograms Convert 0.056 kilograms to grams = 0.35 kg = 4.4 kg = 56 g

mL cL L Convert 1.2 litres to centilitres = 120 cL Divide by 10 Divide by 100 mL cL L Multiply by 10 Multiply by 100 Convert 1.2 litres to centilitres Convert 3300 millilitres to litres Convert 75 centilitres millilitres = 120 cL = 3.3 L = 750 mL

On whiteboards, convert the following: 7 m to cm 6000 mg to g 0.5 L to mL 9 cm to mm 75 cm3 to mL 450 cL to L 370 m to km 190 mL to cL 8500 L to m3

Answers A: Lengths 600 cm 21 cm 5300 m 84 cm 0.054 km 67 000 mm B: Weights 3 kg 5000 g 0.56 kg 0.035 kg 9480 g 0.256 kg C: Volumes 2 L 50 L 45 L 65 000 mL 52.5 cL 465.4 L D: Exam Questions 140 mL = 0.14 L, Logan is wrong 6.25 + 4.75 + 8.5 = 19.5 km, Tony did not run 20 km Amy is 1.83 m

Kahoot revision Metric length Metric mass and volume Metric volume