C & R p. 233 1. Four greenhouse gases are: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen oxide 2. 3 outcomes of global warming might be violent storms, flooding of coastal areas, and greater ranges in the spreading of disease 3 a) our use of CFCs has contributed to the thinning of the ozone layer B) a thinning ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach Earth’s surface. UV radiation causes increases in skin cancer & cataracts, and kills plankton which then affects food chains 4. To protect the ozone layer, countries have agreed to reduce their use of CFCs. Some are monitoring currently, while other countries have banned the use.

5. CO2 has gone up over the last century 5. CO2 has gone up over the last century. 2 reasons may be more fuel being burned, and forests are being cut down. 6. The greenhouse effect is a natural occurrence. Gases in the atmosphere such as CO2 trap the heat that forms when energy from the sun reaches earth’s surface. The enhanced greenhouse effect refers to the result of human activity causing increased amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which increases the amount of heat trapped. 7. Atmospheric CO2 levels should be lowest in Alberta in the summer months because there is more plant growth at that time. 8. A) Scientific (Ex. What effect will these increased levels have on the climate?) B) Technological (Ex. What other technology would make it possible to remove other pollutants from these emissions?) C) Political (Ex. How can government limit the emission of other pollutants such as CO?) D) Economic (Ex. How can the cost of removing pollutants be shared by industry, consumers, and governments?)

A Section A of the graph represents the portion of the air made up of: The circle graph below shows the approximate percentage of different gases in our atmosphere. A Section A of the graph represents the portion of the air made up of: A) nitrogen gas B) hydrogen gas C) oxygen gas D) carbon dioxide gas

Fish are sensitive to changes in water pH and can not tolerate a pH lower than B) 7.1 C) 5.5 D) 4.5

Transport of Material Through Air, Soil and Water What's black white black white black white black white black white...a penguin rolling down the stairs. Chemicals know no boundaries

Copy This Down 1) Transport in Air There are 3 stages of transport of substances in air : 1. Release of the chemical (source)

The chemicals scatters in various directions 2. Dispersion The chemicals scatters in various directions Direction and distance are determined by the pollutant’s properties, wind speed, direction of wind, ocean currents, precipitation. 3. Deposition Settling into surrounding environment Copy This Down

2) Transport in Groundwater Copy This Down 2) Transport in Groundwater Groundwater- Water below the surface 1) Chemicals in water moves to the water table. Water table - the top of the groundwater zone.

Copy This Down 2) It then travels down to the groundwater where there is no air spaces. Groundwater moves in all directions and can move very slowly (1m per year) or very quickly (1m per day) depending on how porous the soil is

3) Transport in Surface Water Copy This Down 3) Transport in Surface Water Surface water- Water collecting in a stream, river, lake, ocean Substances enter surface water from air, groundwater, runoff, outflow from sewers and sewage treatment plants If the substance does not easily dissolve, it attaches to solids and will not travel very far and become more concentrated in the area 

4) Transport on Soil Copy This Down Depending on the type of soil, the chemicals travel at different speeds Pores - are the tiny spaces between soil grains, if these are tightly packed, the groundwater containing the chemical moves slowly Permeable - soil that is porous and not much organic material allows the quick movement of groundwater

Acid Rain in Soil P. 240 Acidity can affect organisms

Transport of Hydrocarbons in Soil Copy This Down Hydrocarbons are carried by water in the soil Hydrocarbons that do not dissolve coats grains of soil which results in increased concentrations (ex. Oilsands) Hydrocarbons are toxic to plants and animals

Copy This Down Homework! P. 242 1-5, 8