Word List Timeline Mu‘awiya ibn Abi Sufyan Umayyads Marw/Merv 660-750 Umayyad caliphate. 660-80 Caliphate of Mu‘awiya. 706-9 Bukhara taken. 711-12 Samarqand taken.

Map Link: The Muslim Conquests: <http://faculty.polytechnic.org/gzetlian/images/maps/ muslimconquestsmap.gif>

Word List Timeline Berbers Visigoths Jabal Tariq (Gibralter) Charles Martel 711-16 Most of Spain taken. 716-17 Last attack on Constantinople. 732 or 733 Franks defeat Muslims at Tours/ Poitiers.

Word List Timeline ‘Abd al-Malik qadi (judge) jizya (poll tax) 685-705 Caliphate of ‘Abd al-Malik.

Word List Timeline mawali (non-Arab converts) hadith ‘ilm (knowledge/divine guidance) imam (prayer/spiritual leader) kharijis shi‘is ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib al-Husayn Karbala’ Ja‘far al-Sadiq Ibn al-Hanafiyya 680 Death of al-Husayn at Karbala’.

Word List Timeline Sunni Islam (“mainstream” Islam) Marwan II ‘Abbasids Hashim ‘Abd Allah ibn al-‘Abbas Abu Muslim Khurasan c. 745 ‘Abbasids send Abu Muslim east to raise revolt. 747 Abu Muslim raises revolt in Khurasan.

Timeline 749 Battle of the Lower Zab. Abu’l-‘Abbas al-Saffah acclaimed caliph in Kufa. 750 Battle of the Upper Zab. Marwan II and other Umayyads killed. ‘Abd al-Rahman escapes to Spain.

Object List Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, from the air. (Sacred Sites: <http://www.sacredsites.com/>.) Plan of Prophet’s Mosque, Medina. (F) The Great Mosque at Damascus: ‘Umayya Mosque’. 8th c AD. Plan. (F) Courtyard, Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. (A) The Great Mosque at Damascus, exterior view: colonnade. 8th c AD. (F) Prayer Hall, Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. (Al Mashriq: <http://almashriq.hiof.no/>.) Mihrab, Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. (A) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List Mihrab and minbar, Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. (Al Mashriq: <http://almashriq.hiof.no/>.) The Great Mosque at Damascus, interior view: Mihrab niche and part of Minbar. 8th c AD. (F) Mosaics from the Great Mosque of Damascus; 8th c AD. Architecture and decorative band. (F) Mosaics from the Great Mosque of Damascus; detail of mosaics, river landscape. 8th c AD. (F) Mosaics from the Great Mosque of Damascus; 8th c AD. Architecture.(F) Mosaics from the Great Mosque of Damascus; 8th c AD. Buildings and tree. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; exterior view; front view. 7th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; exterior view; aerial view of Mount Moriah. 7th c AD. (F) The Noble Sanctuary viewed from Mount Scopus. (Alistair Duncan, The Noble Sanctuary (London: Longman, 1972), p. 9.) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; interior view; The Double Ambulatory. 7th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; cutaway plan. Mosaics on the interior. Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; interior view; The Sacred Rock surrounded by a portico. 7th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; interior view of decoration and inscription. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; exterior view; close aerial view. 7th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; interior view; Detail. 7th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; ornamental detail. 7th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; ornamental detail; Vase with acanthus scroll. 7th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; ornamental detail; Jar with floral motif, mosaic and glass, 7th c AD. (F) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem; ornamental detail; mosaic and glass floral motif. 7th c AD. (F) Mosaic crown and breastplate in the Dome of the Rock. (Richard Ettinghausen and Oleg Grabar, The Art and Architecture of Islam, 650-1250 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 33.) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem. 7th c AD. (F) Floor plan of the Aqsa Mosque. (A) Central nave of the Aqsa Mosque. (Wikipedia: <http://en.wikipedia.org/>) Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem. Interior. 7th c AD. (F) Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem, Mosaic detail. 7th c AD. (F) Aqsa Mosque. Mosaic under arch under dome. (A) Aqsa Mosque. Qibla end of the central nave. (Wikipedia: <http://en.wikipedia.org/>) Aqsa Mosque. Mystery object! (A)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Plan of Mshatta, Syria c. 750 AD. (F) Section of façade of Mshatta Palace, 8th c. (Volkmar Enderlein et al., Museum für Islamische Kunst (Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2001), pp. 122-23.) Closer view of Mshatta Palace Façade, 8th c. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/HIST2252slides/ mshatta1.jpg>.) Façade of Mshatta Palace, 8th c. (Volkmar Enderlein et al., Museum für Islamische Kunst (Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2001), pp. 118-19.) Façade of Mshatta Palace, 8th c. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/HIST2252slides/ mshatta2.jpg>.)

‘Anjar, Lebanon; plan. 8th c AD. (F) ‘Anjar, Lebanon; view of ruins. 8th c AD. (F) ‘Anjar, Lebanon; ruins. 8th c AD. (F) ‘Anjar, Lebanon; detail of columns. 8th c AD. (F) Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi. Exterior view. 8th c AD. (F) Gaia and Marine Centaur from Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi. 8th c AD. (F) Detail from Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi. 8th c AD. (F) Qusayr ‘Amra; exterior of the baths, ca. 715. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List Qusayr ‘Amra. Plan. (A) Qusayr ‘Amra; cupola of bath. 8th c AD. (F) Qusayr ‘Amra. Fresco of the zodiac in the caldarium vault. (A) Qusayr ‘Amra. Detail of a transverse arch in the entry hall. (A) Qusayr ‘Amra. Fresco detail. (A) Mural paintings from bath of Qusayr ‘Amra. 8th c AD. (F) Khirbat al-Mafjar, 8th c. (Islamic Architecture: http://www.islamic-architecture.info/) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Detail of stucco from Khirbat al-Mafjar, Jordan. 8th c AD. (F) Khirbat al-Mafjar, dome, 8th c. Six heads in flower. (Richard Ettinghausen and Oleg Grabar, The Art and Architecture of Islam, 650-1250 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 61.) Khirbat al-Mafjar, 8th c. Female attendant, and dancing figure in pendentive. (Richard Ettinghausen and Oleg Grabar, The Art and Architecture of Islam, 650-1250 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 62.) Khirbat al-Mafjar, 8th c. Standing caliph in Persian style. (Islamic Architecture: <http://www.islamic-architecture.info/>.) Mosaic pavement from the audience room of Khirbat al-Mafjar. Jericho. C. 740 AD. Al-Walid II? (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List Coin of Mu‘awiya. (Bernard Lewis, The Middle East (London: Phoenix, 1996), betw. pp. 82-83.) Semissis of Heraclius, 610-613. (Byzantine Coins Home Page: <http://www.byzantinecoins.com/>.) Persian Coin altered by Muslims. (Robert Hillenbrand, Islamic Art and Architecture (London: Thames and Hudson, 1999), p. 19.) Umayyad Coin, 8th c. AD. (F [with three figures]) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List Solidus of Heraclius, 641. (Byzantine Coins Home Page: <http://www.byzantinecoins.com/>.) Umayyad Coin, 8th c. AD. (F [with caliph and armless cross]) Umayyad Coin, 8th c. AD. (F [with Arabic script]) King on a hunt; gilt silver, 19 cm diameter. Iran. 7th-8th c AD. (F) Earthenware unglazed ewer with incised décor. Iraq: early 8th c. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List Brass ewer cast and engraved: Fayyum, Egypt. Mid-8th c? 41cm. Museum of Islamic Arts, Cairo. (F) Two pieces of red woven silk (Caliph Marwan II): Syria: mid-7th c AD. (F) Woven hanging of wool and undyed linen. Egypt or Palestine (detail). 8th c AD. (F) Woven tapestry of the “Victorious Emperor”. 8th c AD. Egypt. Wool and linen. 25.4 x 22.9cm. Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Carpet (mystery object!): Cairo (?). 8th c AD. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet