American Conservation Philosophy and its Critique 01_02.ppt American Conservation Philosophy and its Critique Professor Bob Sandmeyer dr.sandmeyer@gmail.com

Introductions Professor Bob Sandmeyer Assistant Professor of Philosophy Environmental and Sustainability Studies Faculty Specialization I: Edmund Husserl Phenomenological Movement 19th & 20th Century German Philosophy Specialization II: Philosophy of Ecology Environmental Philosophy Sustainability Studies

Introductions Professor Bob Sandmeyer Assistant Professor of Philosophy Environmental and Sustainability Studies Faculty Specialization I: Edmund Husserl Phenomenological Movement 19th & 20th Century German Philosophy Specialization II: Philosophy of Ecology Environmental Philosophy Sustainability Studies

Introductions Professor Sandmeyer Assistant Professor of Philosophy Environmental and Sustainability Studies Faculty Contact Information Email: dr.sandmeyer@gmail.com WeChat ID: bobsand

Introductions You?? Name (you would like to be called) Interest in conservation philosophy?

Course Web Page https://www.uky.edu/~rsand1/ Syllabus Handouts Reading Questions Federal Lands Systems Handouts Important Links

Course Syllabus https://www.uky.edu/~rsand1/ Syllabus Unit One: Historical Background Unit Two: Conservation Philosophies Unit Three: US Public Lands Agencies & Critical Responses

Course Syllabus https://www.uky.edu/~rsand1/ Syllabus Unit One: Historical Background Unit Two: Conservation Philosophies Unit Three: US Public Lands Agencies & Critical Responses Reading Assignments Two readings per day Two reading questions per assignment

Course Syllabus https://www.uky.edu/~rsand1/ In-class Presentations See Handouts page

Course Syllabus https://www.uky.edu/~rsand1/ End of Unit Examinations One exam per unit = 3 exams “Take Home” See Handouts page Questions posted on Thursday Answers emailed to me by Friday at noon (12:00pm)

Unit One: Historical Background Modern Philosophy & the Rise of Reason Advent of rational control of nature and of mankind The modern scientific worldview: representatives Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) – Italian natural philosopher Francis Bacon (1561–1626) – British politician and natural philosopher René Descartes (1596-1650) – French mathematician and philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) – British political philosopher Isaac Newton (1642 –1727) – British natural philosopher

Unit One: Historical Background Francis Bacon (1561–1626) Important Writings Novum Organum (1620) - New Logic Instauratio Magna (The Great Instauration) – The Great Renewal unpublished during his lifetime Statement of Anthropocentric Worldview "the empire of man over things is founded on the arts and sciences alone, for nature is only to be commanded by obeying her" Anthropocentrism

Unit One: Historical Background Francis Bacon (1561–1626) Anthropocentric metaphysical worldview The earth made for mankind Metaphysics: theory of being or reality Materialist theory of reality complete reduction of all events to matter and motion

Unit One: Historical Background Francis Bacon (1561–1626) Epistemology (theory of knowledge) demand for a “new organon” or new tool of human knowledge strictly empirical method of experimentation "the real and legitimate goal of the sciences is the endowment of human life with new inventions and riches” He mentions three such discoveries that have shaped the human condition universally Printing (in literature) Gunpowder (in warfare) The Compass (in navigation) shows civilized man to be a god to men

Unit One: Historical Background John Locke (1632-1704) Important Writings Two Treatises of Government (1689) “Of Property” reading An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) Resource Conception of Nature Problem of the Value in/of Nature

Unit One: Historical Background John Locke (1632-1704) Important Writings Two Treatises of Government (1689) “Of Property” reading An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) Resource Conception of Nature Problem of the Value in/of Nature

Unit One: Historical Background John Locke (1632-1704) Labor Theory of Value “It is labor, then, which put the greatest part of value upon land, without which it would scarcely be worth anything…" "every man has property in his own person" (1/9) Concept of private domain nature + something is his own Labor removes things from the original common state in nature

Unit One: Historical Background John Locke (1632-1704) 9/10ths rule • "of the products useful to the life of man nine tenths are the effects of labor (6/9) Sustainability thesis "every man should have as much as he could make use of" (4) Spoilage thesis Invention of money Alters the sustainability thesis

Unit One: Historical Background René Descartes (1596-1650) Important Writings Discourse on the Method (1637) Principles of Philosophy (1641) Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) Le Monde (The World)­ – published posthumously

Unit One: Historical Background René Descartes (1596-1650) Concept of Substance Univocal concept God Equivocal concept Created Substances Mind (res cogitans) Matter (res extensa)

Unit One: Historical Background René Descartes (1596-1650) Universal Mechanistic Theory of the Physical World Dualist metaphysics cogito ergo sum (I think, therefore I am) Certainty of mind Fundamental Problem soul is of a nature which has no relation to extension

Unit One: Historical Background René Descartes (1596-1650) Beast – Machine Theory Animals like soulless moving machines, i.e., automata Lacking in mind Brutes have not less reason than man, they have none at all two certain tests animals are not rational Language Signifies thought Creative response to problems Reason – a universal tool or instrument I do not deny the life of any animal, making it consist solely in the warmth of the heart."