Regional and Global Atmospheric Changes Chapter 21 Regional and Global Atmospheric Changes

Global Climate Change Mean annual global temperature,1960–2003

Global Climate Change The Causes of Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change The Causes of Global Climate Change CO2 in the atmosphere

Global Climate Change The Causes of Global Climate Change Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

Global Climate Change Other Pollutants Cool the Atmosphere Specifically, the aerosol effect Caused by sulfur emissions

Global Climate Change Developing Climate Models

Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels 1957 1998

Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels

Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels Melting permafrost

Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change Changes in Precipitation Patterns

Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change Effects on Organisms Present range of beech trees Predicted range after climate change

Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change Effects on Human Health

Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change Effects on Agriculture - Current farmlands could be rendered unusable - Location of crop types could be shifted

Global Climate Change Effects of Global Climate Change Global Climate Change May Cause Unforeseen Events - Disruption of the ocean conveyor belt (could induce “ice age” in Europe)

Global Climate Change International Implications of Global Climate Change Highly Developed versus Developing Nations

Global Climate Change International Implications of Global Climate Change International Efforts to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Kyoto Protocol (currently, not ratified by US)

More serious climate change effects More adaptation required Global Climate Change Specifics on How to Deal with Global Climate Change More serious climate change effects Less mitigation More greenhouse gases produced Greater impact on humans and natural environment More adaptation required

Less serious climate change effects Less adaptation required Global Climate Change Specifics on How to Deal with Global Climate Change Less serious climate change effects More mitigation Less greenhouse gases produced Lesser impacts on humans and natural environment Less adaptation required

Global Climate Change Mitigation of Global Climate Change Alternatives to fossil fuels Sequestering Carbon in Trees Carbon Management Fertilizing the Ocean with Iron

Global Climate Change Adaptation to Global Climate Change Coastal populations move inland construct levees Adapt to shifting agricultural zones

Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere Stratospheric ozone layer Reduced levels of ozone Normal levels of ozone

Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere Ozone thinning

Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere The Causes of Ozone Depletion Main problem: CFCs Other chemicals: Halons Methyl bromide Methyl chloroform Carbon tetrachloride Nitrous oxide

Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere The Effects of Ozone Depletion Potentially, increased incidence of skin cancers

Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere Case-in-Point: Facilitating the Recovery of the Ozone Layer Montreal Protocol stipulated a reduction in CFCs Smuggling CFCs remains a problem

Acid Deposition AKA: Acid rain In US, damage from acid deposition is estimated at $10 billion

Acid Deposition Measuring Acidity

Acid Deposition How Acid Deposition Develops

Acid Deposition The Effects of Acid Deposition Acid Deposition and Forest Decline

Acid Deposition

Acid Deposition The Politics of Acid Deposition Acid deposition not limited to locations where it originates. IL, IN, MO, OH, PA, TN, WV produce 50 - 75% of acid deposition that contaminates New England and southeastern Canada

Acid Deposition Facilitating Recovery from Acid Deposition Reduction of emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides curbs acid deposition

Links Among Global Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, and Acid Deposition Evidence has surfaced of combined effects of acid deposition, ozone depletion, and climate warming Climate Warming May Hurt Ozone Recovery